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(Redirected from Cappella Tornabuoni)

View of the Tornabuoni Chapel

The Tornabuoni Chapel (Italian: Cappella Tornabuoni) is the main chapel (or chancel) in the church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy. It is famous for the extensive and well-preserved fresco cycle on its walls, one of the most complete in the city, which was created by Domenico Ghirlandaio and his workshop between 1485 and 1490.

Contents

1 History

2 Structure of the cycle

3 Scenes from the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary

3.1 Expulsion of Joachim

3.2 Nativity of Mary

3.3 Presentation at the Temple

3.4 Marriage of the Virgin

3.5 Adoration of the Magi

3.6 Massacre of the Innocents

3.7 Death and Assumption of the Virgin

4 Scenes from the life of St. John the Baptist

4.1 Apparition of the Angel to Zechariah

4.2 Visitation

4.3 Birth of the Baptist

4.4 Zechariah Writes John's Name

4.5 John preaches in the wilderness

4.6 Baptism of Christ

4.7 Herod's Banquet

5 Central wall

6 Vault

7 Choir and other furniture

8 References

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History

The main chapel of Santa Maria Novella was first frescoed in the mid-14th century by Andrea Orcagna. Remains of these paintings were found during restorations in the 1940s: these included, mostly in the vault, figures from the Old Testament. Some of these were detached and can be seen today in the Museum of the church.

By the late 15th century, Orcagna's frescoes were in poor condition. The Sassetti, a rich and powerful Florentine family who were the bankers of the Medici, had long held the right to decorate the main altar of the chapel, while the walls and the choir had been assigned to the Ricci family. However, the Ricci had never recovered from their bankruptcy in 1348, and so they arranged to sell their rights to the choir to the Sassetti. Francesco Sassetti wanted the new frescoes to portray stories of St. Francis of Assisi; however, the Dominicans, to whom Santa Maria Novella was entrusted, refused. Sassetti therefore moved the commission to the church of Santa Trinita, where Ghirlandaio executed one of his masterworks, the Sassetti Chapel. The rights to the chapel in Santa Maria Novella that were lost by the Sassetti were then sold by the Ricci to Giovanni Tornabuoni.

Ghirlandaio, who then had the largest workshop in Florence, did not lose the commission however, because on September 1, 1485 Giovanni Tornabuoni commissioned him to paint the main chapel, this time with the lives of the Virgin and St. John the Baptist, patron of Tornabuoni and of the city of Florence. It is possible that the new scenes followed the same pattern as Orcagna's.

Ghirlandaio worked to the frescoes from 1485 to 1490, with the collaboration of his workshop artists, who included his brothers Davide and Benedetto, his brother-in-law Sebastiano Mainardi and, probably, the young Michelangelo Buonarroti. The windows were also executed according to Ghirlandaio's design. The complex was completed by an altarpiece portraying the Madonna del Latte in Glory with Angel and Saints, flanked by two panels with St. Catherine of Siena and St. Lawrence. On the recto a Resurrection of Christ was painted. This work is now held divided between the Gem?ldegalerie, Berlin and the Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

Structure of the cycle. In green: Stories of the Virgin. In red: Stories of St. John of the Baptist. In violet: Episodes of the Lives of Dominican Saints and the two patrons. In yellow: The Four Evangelists.

Structure of the cycle

The cycle portrays on three walls the Life of the Virgi and the Life of St. John the Baptist. The left and right walls each have three rows, each divided into two rectangular scenes framed by fictive architecture, and surmounted by a large lunette beneath the vault. Each side wall has a total of seven narrative scenes which are read beginning from the bottom.

The chancel wall has a large mullioned window of three lights with stained glass, provided in 1492 by Alessandro Agolanti after Ghirlandaio's design. On the lower part of the wall is a donor portrait of Giovanni Tornabuoni and his wife Francesca Pitti, while on either side of the window are four smaller scenes portraying Dominican saints. Above the window is another large lunette, containing the Coronation of the Virgin. In the vault are depicted the Four Evangelists.

The life of the Blessed Virgin

The scenes are on the left side of the chapel:

The Expulsion of Joachim from the Temple

The Nativity of Mary

Presentation of Jesus at the Temple

The Marriage of the Virgin

The Annunciation (central wall, mid-left)

The Nativity of Christ (Adoration of the Magi)

The Massacre of the Innocents

The Death and Assumption of the Virgin (lunette)

The...(and so on)