I want to introduct something about Outdoors Barbecue Tools. CHIENMEI CO., LTD specializes in producing portable products for traveling, including patio heater, grill, liquefied petroleum gas lights and stoves, portable foldaway tables and chairs and kitchenware boxes, stainless steel cookware and aluminum cookware. The products are new in model, excellent in handicraft, safe & reliable. LPG series have gained the certification of CGA and AGA, in the meantime, it also won the patents registration of many countries and regions. 100% of products were exported to the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, Japan, Southeast Asia and Middle East, etc, and were popular in those areas. Moreover, CHIENMEI CO., LTD obtained ISO9002 in UK, Australia, etc, in Dec, 1997. Outdoors Barbecue Too
For other uses, see Cork.
Corks
A cork stopper for a wine bottle
Champagne corks
Varnished cork tiles can be used for flooring, as a substitute for linoleum or tiles.
Simple cork
Cork material is a prime-subset of generic cork tissue, harvested for commercial use primarily from the Cork Oak tree, Quercus suber, with Portugal producing 50% of cork worldwide. Cork consists mostly of suberin.
Contents
1 Sources and harvesting
2 Properties and uses
2.1 Use for wine bottle closures
2.2 Other uses
3 Miscellaneous
4 See also
5 Sources
6 External links
//
Sources and harvesting
There are about 2,200,000 hectares of cork forest worldwide; 33% in Portugal, and 23% in Spain. Annual production is about 340,000 Tons; 52% from Portugal, 32% from Spain, 6% Italy.
Once the trees are about 25 years old the cork is stripped from the trunks every 9 years. The trees live for about 200 years. The first 2 harvests produce poorer quality cork.
The cork industry is generally regarded as environmentally friendly. The sustainability of production and the easy recycling of cork products and by-products are two of its most distinctive aspects. However, only two cork companies, Oeneo Bouchage of France, and the Cork Supply Group of Portugal, have conducted and released their complete carbon footprint studies.
Since cork oak forests now comprise the majority of habitat for the Iberian lynx, one of the most endangered cat species in the world, the lynx's survival is believed to depend upon the continued viability of cork production.
Properties and uses
Cork's elasticity combined with its near-impermeability makes it suitable as a material for bottle stoppers, especially for wine bottles. Cork stoppers represent about 60% of all cork based production.
Cork's low density makes it a suitable material for fishing floats and buoys, as well as handles for fishing rods (as an alternative to neoprene).
Sheets of cork, often the by-product of more lucrative stopper production, are used to make floor tiles and bulletin boards.
Granules of cork can also be mixed into concrete. The composites made by mixing cork granules and cement have low thermal conductivity, low density and good energy absorption. Some of the property ranges of the composites are density (4001500kg/m3), compressive strength (126 MPa) and flexural strength (0.54.0MPa).
Use for wine bottle closures
As late as the mid 1600s, French vintners did not use cork stoppers, using oil-soaked rags stuffed into the necks of bottles instead.
Natural cork closures are used for about 80% of the 20 billion bottles of wine produced each year.[citation needed] After a decline in use as wine-stoppers due to the increase in the use of cheaper synthetic alternatives, cork wine-stoppers are making a comeback and currently represent approximately 60% of wine-stoppers today.
Cork is an ideal material for use as a bottle stoppers. Because of the cellular structure of cork, it is easily compressed upon insertion into a bottle and will expand to form a tight seal. The interior diameter of the neck of glass bottles tends to be inconsistent, making this ability to contract and expand to seal, an important attribute.
Since the mid-1990's, a number of wine brands have switched to alternative wine closures such as synthetic plastic stoppers, screwcaps, or other closures. Screwcaps are often seen as a cheap alternative destined only for the low grade wines. These alternatives to real cork have their own properties, some adventageous and others controversial. For example, while screwtops are generally considered to offer a TCA trichloroanisole free seal they reduce the oxygen transfer rate to almost zero, which can lead to reductive qualities in the wine. TCA is one of the primary causes of cork taint in wine. However, in recent years major cork producers (Amorim, varo Coelho & Irm?os, Cork Supply Group and Oeneo) have developed methods that remove most, but not all TCA from natural wine corks. Natural cork stoppers are important because they allow oxygen to interact with wine for proper aging, and are best suited for bold red wines purchased with the intent to age.
A study made public in December 2008 by PricewaterhouseCoopers, commissioned by cork manufacturer Amorim, concluded that cork is the most environmentally responsible stopper, in a one-year life cycle analysis comparison with the plastic stoppers and aluminium screwcaps.
Other uses
Cork is used in musical instruments, particularly woodwind instruments, where it is used to fasten together segments of the instrument, making the seams airtight. Conducting baton handles are also often made out of cork.
Cork can be used as bricks for the outer walls of houses, as in Portugal's...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about rewinding for foil, Wooden CD Box, . The Outdoors Barbecue Tools products should be show more here!
Thursday, May 7, 2009
FC Twin Video Game System
I want to introduct something about AF-400 Toner. Model: AF-400 Suitable for Use in: Aficio-400/401/500 Weight: 700g AF-400 Toner mo
FC Twin Video Game System
Manufacturer
Yobo
Type
Video game console
Generation
Seventh generation era
Retail availability
November 20, 2006
Units sold
1.3 million
Media
NES/SNES cartridge
CPU
NOAC (NES mode), Ricoh 5822 or compatible 3.58MHz (SNES mode)
Storage capacity
on-cartridge
Controller input
2x SNES
Backwardcompatibility
Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System
The FC Twin Video Game System is a Famiclone that can play Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) games. It retails between $45 to $60. The system has been well received due to the increasing scarcity of original hardware. The system has been followed by a number of similar console "remakes": the Retro Duo Twin Video Game System for NES & SNES games, the SG Twin Video Game System for Sega Genesis & NES games, Gen-X Dual Station Video Game System for Gensis and NES games and the Yobo FC 3 Plus for Genesis, SNES and NES games.
Contents
1 Compatibility
1.1 NES compatibility
1.2 SNES compatibility
2 Light gun
3 References
4 External links
//
Compatibility
The FC Twin Video Game System has separate circuitry and card slots for both hardware NES and Super Nintendo Entertainment System, allowing it to play games for both consoles. It features a single-pole, double-throw power switch with open position; the switch can be thrown to 8-Bit (NES) or 16-Bit (SNES), or set to off.
NES compatibility
The FC Twin console uses SNES compatible controllers and devices such as the Super Scope and Konami Justifier light guns, but cannot use NES compatible controllers and devices such as the NES Zapper peripheral for Duck Hunt. The Super Nintendo controller buttons otherwise map to the NES controller inputs (B maps to Y, A maps to B. A maps to turbo B, X maps to turbo A; L and R serve no function). When using any controllers besides the actual FC Twin ones, the A and X buttons do nothing during NES play. Gauntlet II pauses when L or R is hit.
The FC Twin connects through an RCA connector, and can be hooked into a surround sound system. When using stereo and surround output from these systems, NES sounds and music may seem very different from their typical mono output. Using output modes that properly generate mono sound, either through a single center speaker or cloned to multiple speakers, the sound output sounds mostly identical to the original NES. The FC Twin does not produce some sounds faithfully, even with mono output; sound effects in the Super Mario Bros. series games will for example immediately seem different. Nevertheless, some later models of the console produce NES sound much more faithfully than units made closer to launch. Recent models produce sound with complete fidelity.
FC Twin with two games in it
The FC Twin uses a card slot reader rather than a ZIF connector. The second-generation NES also used a card slot reader, and featured no 10NES lock-out chip; however, unlike the top-loading NES 2, the FC Twin is completely compatible with the Galoob Game Genie without the use of an adaptor. Both the official NES2 and the FC Twin capitalize on the card slot reader's greater reliability; games rarely suffer from bad connections as they did with the original ZIF socket. In the FC Twin, the NES cartridge still has to be reseated occasionally; the pins can misalign and short across each other or otherwise fail to connect properly; you have to maneuver the game cartridge until it works.
As tested by consumers, the following NES games are not compatible with the FC Twin:
"After Burner"
"Battletoads" (the game hangs at the second level, however, if warps are used, this is passable and the rest of the game works perfect)
Captain Planet and the Planeteers
Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse (works on FC Dual and Retro Duo System)
Cheetahmen II
Challenge of the Dragon
Crystal Mines
Dragon Warrior II
Gemfire
Laser Invasion
L'Empereur
Paperboy
Pipe Dream
Mad Max
The Krion Conquest
Uncharted Waters
At times different copies of the same game can behave differently in the FC Twin. This may be explained by a malfunction with the cartridge itself. Some copies of Dragon Warrior or Super Mario Bros. 2 for example will not work in the FC Twin; while other copies of the same games will operate in the same machine. In other cases, the system simply does not function with certain expansion chips, such as those in Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse.
SNES compatibility
The FC Twin uses Super Nintendo compatible controllers and devices, and can thus connect to specialized input devices such as the SNES Mouse for Mario...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about inkjet toner cartridges, Ink Cartridge Toner, . The AF-400 Toner products should be show more here!
FC Twin Video Game System
Manufacturer
Yobo
Type
Video game console
Generation
Seventh generation era
Retail availability
November 20, 2006
Units sold
1.3 million
Media
NES/SNES cartridge
CPU
NOAC (NES mode), Ricoh 5822 or compatible 3.58MHz (SNES mode)
Storage capacity
on-cartridge
Controller input
2x SNES
Backwardcompatibility
Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System
The FC Twin Video Game System is a Famiclone that can play Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) games. It retails between $45 to $60. The system has been well received due to the increasing scarcity of original hardware. The system has been followed by a number of similar console "remakes": the Retro Duo Twin Video Game System for NES & SNES games, the SG Twin Video Game System for Sega Genesis & NES games, Gen-X Dual Station Video Game System for Gensis and NES games and the Yobo FC 3 Plus for Genesis, SNES and NES games.
Contents
1 Compatibility
1.1 NES compatibility
1.2 SNES compatibility
2 Light gun
3 References
4 External links
//
Compatibility
The FC Twin Video Game System has separate circuitry and card slots for both hardware NES and Super Nintendo Entertainment System, allowing it to play games for both consoles. It features a single-pole, double-throw power switch with open position; the switch can be thrown to 8-Bit (NES) or 16-Bit (SNES), or set to off.
NES compatibility
The FC Twin console uses SNES compatible controllers and devices such as the Super Scope and Konami Justifier light guns, but cannot use NES compatible controllers and devices such as the NES Zapper peripheral for Duck Hunt. The Super Nintendo controller buttons otherwise map to the NES controller inputs (B maps to Y, A maps to B. A maps to turbo B, X maps to turbo A; L and R serve no function). When using any controllers besides the actual FC Twin ones, the A and X buttons do nothing during NES play. Gauntlet II pauses when L or R is hit.
The FC Twin connects through an RCA connector, and can be hooked into a surround sound system. When using stereo and surround output from these systems, NES sounds and music may seem very different from their typical mono output. Using output modes that properly generate mono sound, either through a single center speaker or cloned to multiple speakers, the sound output sounds mostly identical to the original NES. The FC Twin does not produce some sounds faithfully, even with mono output; sound effects in the Super Mario Bros. series games will for example immediately seem different. Nevertheless, some later models of the console produce NES sound much more faithfully than units made closer to launch. Recent models produce sound with complete fidelity.
FC Twin with two games in it
The FC Twin uses a card slot reader rather than a ZIF connector. The second-generation NES also used a card slot reader, and featured no 10NES lock-out chip; however, unlike the top-loading NES 2, the FC Twin is completely compatible with the Galoob Game Genie without the use of an adaptor. Both the official NES2 and the FC Twin capitalize on the card slot reader's greater reliability; games rarely suffer from bad connections as they did with the original ZIF socket. In the FC Twin, the NES cartridge still has to be reseated occasionally; the pins can misalign and short across each other or otherwise fail to connect properly; you have to maneuver the game cartridge until it works.
As tested by consumers, the following NES games are not compatible with the FC Twin:
"After Burner"
"Battletoads" (the game hangs at the second level, however, if warps are used, this is passable and the rest of the game works perfect)
Captain Planet and the Planeteers
Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse (works on FC Dual and Retro Duo System)
Cheetahmen II
Challenge of the Dragon
Crystal Mines
Dragon Warrior II
Gemfire
Laser Invasion
L'Empereur
Paperboy
Pipe Dream
Mad Max
The Krion Conquest
Uncharted Waters
At times different copies of the same game can behave differently in the FC Twin. This may be explained by a malfunction with the cartridge itself. Some copies of Dragon Warrior or Super Mario Bros. 2 for example will not work in the FC Twin; while other copies of the same games will operate in the same machine. In other cases, the system simply does not function with certain expansion chips, such as those in Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse.
SNES compatibility
The FC Twin uses Super Nintendo compatible controllers and devices, and can thus connect to specialized input devices such as the SNES Mouse for Mario...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about inkjet toner cartridges, Ink Cartridge Toner, . The AF-400 Toner products should be show more here!
The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants
I want to introduct something about Fe-Cr-Al mesh. Material: fe-cr-al wire Weave pattern: plain weave, reverse weave Characteristics: heat -- resisting Application: metallurgical industry, coal mine, printing and dyeing, food industry, hospital, paper-making industry. specificationAperture mmWire diameter mmMesh width MtrsMesh weight kg/m2 Mesh/Inch Gauge No. 8twilled21 2.375 0.8 0.5 2.5 8twilled21 2.375 0.8 1.0 2.5 8twilled22 2.475 0.7 0.5 1.84 8twilled22 2.475 0.7 1.0 1.84 10twilled23 1.94 0.6 0.6 1.69 12twilled24 1.557 0.559 1.0 1.8 17twilled24 0.94 0.55 0.6 2.57 20plain33 1.02 0.25 1.0 0.587 20plain32 1.0 0.27 1.0 0.685 20plain30 0.97 0.30 1.0 0.846 25plain30 0.71 0.30 1.0 1.125 30plain38 0.69 0.15 1.0 0.30 34plain33 0.49 0.25 1.0 1.06 40plain35 0.425 0.21 1.0 0.83 44twilled35 0.367 0.21 0.6 0.912 44twilled35 0.367 0.21 0.7 0.912 44twilled35 0.367 0.21 0.9 0.912 40twilled35 0.425 0.21 1.0 0.83 44twilled35 0.367 0.21 1.0 0.88 <
(Redirected from Bart vs the Space Mutants)
The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants
Developer(s)
Imagineering/Arc Developments
Publisher(s)
Acclaim/Ocean Software
Designer(s)
Garry Kitchen
Platform(s)
NES, Atari ST, IBM PC, Commodore 64/128, Amiga, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad, Sega Master System, Sega Game Gear, Mega Drive/Genesis
Release date(s)
1991-1992
Genre(s)
Action/Adventure
Mode(s)
Single player
Rating(s)
n/a (released pre-ESRB)
Media
Cartridge or floppy disk
The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants is the title of a video game based on the cartoon series The Simpsons.
Contents
1 Game platforms
2 Plot and game objectives
3 Equipment
4 Levels
4.1 Springfield
4.2 Springfield Shopping Center
4.3 Krustyland
4.4 Museum
4.5 Power Plant
5 External links
//
Game platforms
Initially released for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, Commodore Amiga and Atari ST by Ocean Software and for the NES by Acclaim, the game was later released for the Sega Master System, Mega Drive/Genesis and handheld Game Gear console under Acclaim's "Flying Edge" label. There is also an LCD game of the same name.
Acclaim would produce two official sequels to the game: The Simpsons: Bart vs. The World and The Simpsons: Bartman Meets Radioactive Man for the NES. Many more video games would be released featuring The Simpsons characters - there are twenty two games in the series up to and including 2007's The Simpsons Game, although the license has been through the hands of several publishers so it is unclear whether all the games take place in the same continuity, most likely not though as the games never really reference each other unlike how the episodes may tend to do.
Plot and game objectives
In the single player game, Bart Simpson is the only one who knows of the aliens' secret plan and he has to stop them from collecting the items they need to build their weapons to take over the world. In each level, Bart must collect a certain number of a specific item (e.g., purple objects, hats, balloons, exit signs, nuclear rods), before he meets up with a boss at the end of the level.
The bosses, like the levels, are familiar to fans of the Simpsons animated series and some of the television humor does appear in the game: in the first level Bart can make a prank call to Moe in order for him to run outside so that the player can spray paint his purple shirt.
Although Bart fights aliens in this game, he does not fight Kang and Kodos, the two aliens that appear regularly on the show in Treehouse of Horror and other episodes.
Equipment
Bart is able to utilize a variety of items in the game.
Xray Glasses: The major defensive weapons are x-ray glasses that reveal which of the Springfield citizens are human and which are aliens in disguise (similar to the film They Live). Jumping on the aliens will force them to flee the human body and leave behind an icon that begins to spell one of the Simpson's family names (i.e. Homer, Maggie, Marge or Lisa). If Bart manages to jump on enough aliens to spell out the family member's name, that family member will appear to assist him in defeating the boss. However, if Bart jumps on a human being, he will take damage.
Spray Paint: Bart uses spray paint in Level 1 to turn a variety of purple items red.
Slingshot: Bart uses a slingshot in Level 3 to hit balloons, and for certain carnival games.
Dart Gun: The dart gun is used in the Museum. It can hit exit signs and is the only fire arm that can stun enemies.
Wrench: The wrench is used in level one to activate fire hydrants.
Cherry bombs: Can startle animals when dropped on the ground. However, the player runs the risk of summoning angry, damage-inflicting pitbull dogs if used.
Rockets: Rockets are toy fireworks that can be used to launch at signs, windows, and other items.
Key: Can be used as a warp item in Level 1.
Whistle: The whistle is used to get Grandpa Simpson to give you coins in Level 1. However, the player runs the risk of summoning angry, damage-inflicting pitbull dogs if used.
Doughnuts: Boxes of these are found only in the final level. If used, Homer will eliminate any enemies on the screen.
Other Items: Bart is only able to withstand two direct hits per life, and after three lives it is Game Over. Collecting Krusty icons give an extra life, Bart can also collect coins to purchase weapons or to gain an extra life (after reaching 15 coins, but ten are deducted upon receiving the extra life). Busts of Jebadiah Springfield give Bart a brief few seconds of invincibility.
Levels
Springfield
Bart first must collect, hide, or destroy all purple things he finds: trash cans, flower pots,...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about pda computer laptop, Wooden Door Handles, . The Fe-Cr-Al mesh products should be show more here!
(Redirected from Bart vs the Space Mutants)
The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants
Developer(s)
Imagineering/Arc Developments
Publisher(s)
Acclaim/Ocean Software
Designer(s)
Garry Kitchen
Platform(s)
NES, Atari ST, IBM PC, Commodore 64/128, Amiga, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad, Sega Master System, Sega Game Gear, Mega Drive/Genesis
Release date(s)
1991-1992
Genre(s)
Action/Adventure
Mode(s)
Single player
Rating(s)
n/a (released pre-ESRB)
Media
Cartridge or floppy disk
The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants is the title of a video game based on the cartoon series The Simpsons.
Contents
1 Game platforms
2 Plot and game objectives
3 Equipment
4 Levels
4.1 Springfield
4.2 Springfield Shopping Center
4.3 Krustyland
4.4 Museum
4.5 Power Plant
5 External links
//
Game platforms
Initially released for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, Commodore Amiga and Atari ST by Ocean Software and for the NES by Acclaim, the game was later released for the Sega Master System, Mega Drive/Genesis and handheld Game Gear console under Acclaim's "Flying Edge" label. There is also an LCD game of the same name.
Acclaim would produce two official sequels to the game: The Simpsons: Bart vs. The World and The Simpsons: Bartman Meets Radioactive Man for the NES. Many more video games would be released featuring The Simpsons characters - there are twenty two games in the series up to and including 2007's The Simpsons Game, although the license has been through the hands of several publishers so it is unclear whether all the games take place in the same continuity, most likely not though as the games never really reference each other unlike how the episodes may tend to do.
Plot and game objectives
In the single player game, Bart Simpson is the only one who knows of the aliens' secret plan and he has to stop them from collecting the items they need to build their weapons to take over the world. In each level, Bart must collect a certain number of a specific item (e.g., purple objects, hats, balloons, exit signs, nuclear rods), before he meets up with a boss at the end of the level.
The bosses, like the levels, are familiar to fans of the Simpsons animated series and some of the television humor does appear in the game: in the first level Bart can make a prank call to Moe in order for him to run outside so that the player can spray paint his purple shirt.
Although Bart fights aliens in this game, he does not fight Kang and Kodos, the two aliens that appear regularly on the show in Treehouse of Horror and other episodes.
Equipment
Bart is able to utilize a variety of items in the game.
Xray Glasses: The major defensive weapons are x-ray glasses that reveal which of the Springfield citizens are human and which are aliens in disguise (similar to the film They Live). Jumping on the aliens will force them to flee the human body and leave behind an icon that begins to spell one of the Simpson's family names (i.e. Homer, Maggie, Marge or Lisa). If Bart manages to jump on enough aliens to spell out the family member's name, that family member will appear to assist him in defeating the boss. However, if Bart jumps on a human being, he will take damage.
Spray Paint: Bart uses spray paint in Level 1 to turn a variety of purple items red.
Slingshot: Bart uses a slingshot in Level 3 to hit balloons, and for certain carnival games.
Dart Gun: The dart gun is used in the Museum. It can hit exit signs and is the only fire arm that can stun enemies.
Wrench: The wrench is used in level one to activate fire hydrants.
Cherry bombs: Can startle animals when dropped on the ground. However, the player runs the risk of summoning angry, damage-inflicting pitbull dogs if used.
Rockets: Rockets are toy fireworks that can be used to launch at signs, windows, and other items.
Key: Can be used as a warp item in Level 1.
Whistle: The whistle is used to get Grandpa Simpson to give you coins in Level 1. However, the player runs the risk of summoning angry, damage-inflicting pitbull dogs if used.
Doughnuts: Boxes of these are found only in the final level. If used, Homer will eliminate any enemies on the screen.
Other Items: Bart is only able to withstand two direct hits per life, and after three lives it is Game Over. Collecting Krusty icons give an extra life, Bart can also collect coins to purchase weapons or to gain an extra life (after reaching 15 coins, but ten are deducted upon receiving the extra life). Busts of Jebadiah Springfield give Bart a brief few seconds of invincibility.
Levels
Springfield
Bart first must collect, hide, or destroy all purple things he finds: trash cans, flower pots,...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about pda computer laptop, Wooden Door Handles, . The Fe-Cr-Al mesh products should be show more here!
Aluminium sulfate
I want to introduct something about .
Aluminium sulfate
File:Aluminum sulfate.jpg
IUPAC name
Aluminium sulfate
Other names
Cake alumFilter alumPapermaker's alumAlunogeniteSulfuric acid, aluminum salt (3:2)
Identifiers
CAS number
10043-01-3
EC number
233-135-0
RTECS number
BD1700000
Properties
Molecular formula
Al2(SO4)3
Molar mass
342.15 g/mol (anhydrous)
Appearance
white crystalline solid
Density
2.672 g/cm3, solid
Melting point
770 decomp.
Solubility in water
870 g/L
Structure
Crystal structure
monoclinic (hydrate)
Related compounds
Other cations
Gallium sulfateMagnesium sulfate
Related compounds
See Alum
Supplementary data page
Structure andproperties
n, ?r, etc.
Thermodynamicdata
Phase behaviourSolid, liquid, gas
Spectral data
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given formaterials in their standard state(at 25, 100kPa)Infobox references
Aluminium sulfate, written as Al2(SO4)3 or Al2O12S3 Aluminium sulfate is an industrial chemical used as a flocculating agent in the purification of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.
Aluminium sulfate is sometimes incorrectly referred to as alum but alums are closely related compounds typified by KAl(SO4)2.12H2O. The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare mineral millosevichite, found i.e. in volcanic environments and on burning coal-mining waste dumps. Aluminium sulfate is rarely, if ever, encountered as the anhydrous salt. It forms a number of different hydrates, of which the hexadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3?16H2O and octadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3?18H2O are the most common. The heptadecahydrate, whose formula can be written as [Al(H2O)6]2(SO4)3?5H2O, occurs naturally as the mineral alunogen.
Contents
1 Preparation
2 Uses
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
//
Preparation
Aluminium sulfate may be made by dissolving aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, in sulfuric acid, H2SO4:
2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 ? Al2(SO4)36H2O
Uses
Aluminium Sulfate is used in water purification and as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles. In water purification, it causes impurities to coagulate which are removed as the particulate settles to the bottom of the container or more easily filtered. This process is called coagulation or flocculation.
When dissolved in a large amount of neutral or slightly-alkaline water, aluminium sulfate produces a gelatinous precipitate of aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3. In dyeing and printing cloth, the gelatinous precipitate helps the dye adhere to the clothing fibers by rendering the pigment insoluble.
Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used to reduce the pH of garden soil, as it hydrolyzes to form the aluminium hydroxide precipitate and a dilute sulfuric acid solution.
Aluminium sulfate is the active ingredient of some antiperspirants; however, beginning in 2005 the US Food and Drug Administration no longer recognized it as a wetness reducer.
Aluminium sulfate is usually found in baking powder, where there is controversy over its use due to concern regarding the safety of adding aluminum to the diet.
In construction industry it is used as waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete. Another use is a foaming agent in fire fighting foam.
It is also used in styptic pencils, and pain relief from stings and bites; it is the active ingredient in popular pain relief products such as Stingose.
It can also be very effective as a molluscicide, killing spanish slugs.
See also
References
^ Global Health and Education Foundation (2007). "Conventional Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation". Safe Drinking Water is Essential. National Academy of Sciences. http://drinking-water.org/html/en/Treatment/Coagulation-Flocculation-technologies.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.
^ Kvech S, Edwards M (2002). "Solubility controls on aluminum in drinking water at relatively low and high pH". WATER RESEARCH 36 (17): 43564368. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00137-9. PMID 12420940.
Pauling, Linus (1970). General Chemistry. W.H. Freeman: San Francisco. ISBN 0-486-65622-5.
External links
International Chemical Safety Card 1191
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
WHO Food Additive Series No. 12
Aluminum and health
v?d?eAluminium compounds
AlAs AlB2 AlB12 AlBr3 AlCl AlCl3 AlF AlF3 AlH3 AlI3 AlN Al(NO3)3 AlO Al(OH)3 AlON AlP AlPO4 AlSb Al2(MoO4)3 Al2O3 Al2S3 Al2(SO4)3 Al2Se3 Al2SiO5 Al4C3
Categories: Aluminium compounds | Sulfates | Molluscicides | Water treatment(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about wheel spokes nipple, conductive finger cot, . The products should be show more here!
Aluminium sulfate
File:Aluminum sulfate.jpg
IUPAC name
Aluminium sulfate
Other names
Cake alumFilter alumPapermaker's alumAlunogeniteSulfuric acid, aluminum salt (3:2)
Identifiers
CAS number
10043-01-3
EC number
233-135-0
RTECS number
BD1700000
Properties
Molecular formula
Al2(SO4)3
Molar mass
342.15 g/mol (anhydrous)
Appearance
white crystalline solid
Density
2.672 g/cm3, solid
Melting point
770 decomp.
Solubility in water
870 g/L
Structure
Crystal structure
monoclinic (hydrate)
Related compounds
Other cations
Gallium sulfateMagnesium sulfate
Related compounds
See Alum
Supplementary data page
Structure andproperties
n, ?r, etc.
Thermodynamicdata
Phase behaviourSolid, liquid, gas
Spectral data
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given formaterials in their standard state(at 25, 100kPa)Infobox references
Aluminium sulfate, written as Al2(SO4)3 or Al2O12S3 Aluminium sulfate is an industrial chemical used as a flocculating agent in the purification of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.
Aluminium sulfate is sometimes incorrectly referred to as alum but alums are closely related compounds typified by KAl(SO4)2.12H2O. The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare mineral millosevichite, found i.e. in volcanic environments and on burning coal-mining waste dumps. Aluminium sulfate is rarely, if ever, encountered as the anhydrous salt. It forms a number of different hydrates, of which the hexadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3?16H2O and octadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3?18H2O are the most common. The heptadecahydrate, whose formula can be written as [Al(H2O)6]2(SO4)3?5H2O, occurs naturally as the mineral alunogen.
Contents
1 Preparation
2 Uses
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
//
Preparation
Aluminium sulfate may be made by dissolving aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, in sulfuric acid, H2SO4:
2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 ? Al2(SO4)36H2O
Uses
Aluminium Sulfate is used in water purification and as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles. In water purification, it causes impurities to coagulate which are removed as the particulate settles to the bottom of the container or more easily filtered. This process is called coagulation or flocculation.
When dissolved in a large amount of neutral or slightly-alkaline water, aluminium sulfate produces a gelatinous precipitate of aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3. In dyeing and printing cloth, the gelatinous precipitate helps the dye adhere to the clothing fibers by rendering the pigment insoluble.
Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used to reduce the pH of garden soil, as it hydrolyzes to form the aluminium hydroxide precipitate and a dilute sulfuric acid solution.
Aluminium sulfate is the active ingredient of some antiperspirants; however, beginning in 2005 the US Food and Drug Administration no longer recognized it as a wetness reducer.
Aluminium sulfate is usually found in baking powder, where there is controversy over its use due to concern regarding the safety of adding aluminum to the diet.
In construction industry it is used as waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete. Another use is a foaming agent in fire fighting foam.
It is also used in styptic pencils, and pain relief from stings and bites; it is the active ingredient in popular pain relief products such as Stingose.
It can also be very effective as a molluscicide, killing spanish slugs.
See also
References
^ Global Health and Education Foundation (2007). "Conventional Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation". Safe Drinking Water is Essential. National Academy of Sciences. http://drinking-water.org/html/en/Treatment/Coagulation-Flocculation-technologies.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.
^ Kvech S, Edwards M (2002). "Solubility controls on aluminum in drinking water at relatively low and high pH". WATER RESEARCH 36 (17): 43564368. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00137-9. PMID 12420940.
Pauling, Linus (1970). General Chemistry. W.H. Freeman: San Francisco. ISBN 0-486-65622-5.
External links
International Chemical Safety Card 1191
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
WHO Food Additive Series No. 12
Aluminum and health
v?d?eAluminium compounds
AlAs AlB2 AlB12 AlBr3 AlCl AlCl3 AlF AlF3 AlH3 AlI3 AlN Al(NO3)3 AlO Al(OH)3 AlON AlP AlPO4 AlSb Al2(MoO4)3 Al2O3 Al2S3 Al2(SO4)3 Al2Se3 Al2SiO5 Al4C3
Categories: Aluminium compounds | Sulfates | Molluscicides | Water treatment(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about wheel spokes nipple, conductive finger cot, . The products should be show more here!
Reborn doll
I want to introduct something about JIS G3445 STEEL PIPE. Specification Range: Dia 15A~250A XSCH20~XXS Steel Kind/Steel Grade: Carbon steel Carbon steel tube for machanical strucual purpose JIS G3445 STEEL PI
A typical reborn doll. Note the added cloth body on the limbs, and the "rear plate" to make it more realistic.
A reborn doll is a vinyl baby doll that has been enhanced to resemble a human baby. The process of creating a reborn doll is referred to as reborning. The technique of reborning has evolved over the past five years with heat set paints and oils being the most used amongst artists. Completed reborn dolls are popular among collectors, who buy them on eBay or from doll artists (Reborners).
Contents
1 Basic reborning methods
2 Motherly interaction
3 Media attention
4 References
5 External links
//
Basic reborning methods
The technique of reborning a play doll typically involves the following processes:
The doll is taken apart and factory paint is removed. In the last few years reborn or doll sculptors have begun sculpting model babydolls and make vinyl kits that are made specifically for reborning. These kits do not have factory paint, and the doll does not come assembled.
Previously, a purple color wash was applied to the inside of each vinyl part to give the appearance of realistic baby skin undertones, but blue or purple has the tendency to bleed or seep through the vinyl causing a 'bruised' appearance.
The exterior is painted using various techniques to add to the appearance of translucent skin tones, with effects such as veins, blotching, and "milk-spots" to resemble the skin of a newborn baby.
Hair and eyelashes, usually fine mohair or human hair, are applied using rooting tools and felting needles strand by strand, which can take up to 30+ hours per head.
The original vinyl body is replaced with a soft stuffed and weighted body. The vinyl body can also be cut in half to create front and back 'plates' to allow mounting of the doll to photograph or display the doll.
A magnet/s may be attached inside the mouth/head for attaching a dummy/pacifier or hair bows.
Motherly interaction
A phenomenon beyond collecting has arisen of adults, particularly older women, treating 'reborns' as living babies. Studies suggest that when cuddling a baby, real or realistic, hormones release causing emotional well-being.
Media attention
A Typical Reborn Doll. Baby Emmaline by Donna Lee Originals.
In July 2008, police in Queensland, Australia smashed a car window to rescue what seemed like an unconscious baby only to find it was a reborn doll. The police stated that the doll was "incredibly lifelike" and that bystanders who thought a baby was actually dying were frightened by the incident.
A 10 December 2008 episode of Dr. Phil entitled "Obsessions" discussed the topic of reborning.
A January 2008 Channel 4 series, My Fake Baby, explored the lives of women who collect the lifelike baby dolls.
A 2 January 2009 ABC News article described both the manufacturing and the emotional interaction of reborn dolls.
A 2 January 20/20 episode talked about the mothering process and attachment to reborns.
References
Barrow-Belisle, Michelle (2006). Beautiful Babies: The Art of Reborn Doll Making. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1411678231.
Holper, Jeanine M. (2006). Excellence in Reborn Artistry: Learn the Reborning Art: Create Reborn Dolls Instructions & Tutorial. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4357-1254-6.
^ a b "Not Child's Play: 'I Feel Like I Have a Real Baby'". ABC News. 2 January 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=6517455&page=1. Retrieved on 2009-01-03.
^ Frantic rescue effort saves doll, not baby | NEWS.com.au
^ http://www.drphil.com/shows/show/1184
^ http://www.channel4.com/video/my-fake-baby/series-1/episode-1/living-doll_p_1.html My Fake Baby, documentary excerpt
^ "When Those Cute Babies Aren't Real". ABC 20/20. 2 January 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=6557305. Retrieved on 2009-01-03.
^ http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=6557305
External links
Are these baby dolls cute or creepy? - Toronto Star article
Not Child's Play ABC News
Categories: Arts and crafts | Dolls | Internet culture
Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from November 2008(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about paving asphalt:polece motorcycle, color jet fuel, . The JIS G3445 STEEL PIPE products should be show more here!
A typical reborn doll. Note the added cloth body on the limbs, and the "rear plate" to make it more realistic.
A reborn doll is a vinyl baby doll that has been enhanced to resemble a human baby. The process of creating a reborn doll is referred to as reborning. The technique of reborning has evolved over the past five years with heat set paints and oils being the most used amongst artists. Completed reborn dolls are popular among collectors, who buy them on eBay or from doll artists (Reborners).
Contents
1 Basic reborning methods
2 Motherly interaction
3 Media attention
4 References
5 External links
//
Basic reborning methods
The technique of reborning a play doll typically involves the following processes:
The doll is taken apart and factory paint is removed. In the last few years reborn or doll sculptors have begun sculpting model babydolls and make vinyl kits that are made specifically for reborning. These kits do not have factory paint, and the doll does not come assembled.
Previously, a purple color wash was applied to the inside of each vinyl part to give the appearance of realistic baby skin undertones, but blue or purple has the tendency to bleed or seep through the vinyl causing a 'bruised' appearance.
The exterior is painted using various techniques to add to the appearance of translucent skin tones, with effects such as veins, blotching, and "milk-spots" to resemble the skin of a newborn baby.
Hair and eyelashes, usually fine mohair or human hair, are applied using rooting tools and felting needles strand by strand, which can take up to 30+ hours per head.
The original vinyl body is replaced with a soft stuffed and weighted body. The vinyl body can also be cut in half to create front and back 'plates' to allow mounting of the doll to photograph or display the doll.
A magnet/s may be attached inside the mouth/head for attaching a dummy/pacifier or hair bows.
Motherly interaction
A phenomenon beyond collecting has arisen of adults, particularly older women, treating 'reborns' as living babies. Studies suggest that when cuddling a baby, real or realistic, hormones release causing emotional well-being.
Media attention
A Typical Reborn Doll. Baby Emmaline by Donna Lee Originals.
In July 2008, police in Queensland, Australia smashed a car window to rescue what seemed like an unconscious baby only to find it was a reborn doll. The police stated that the doll was "incredibly lifelike" and that bystanders who thought a baby was actually dying were frightened by the incident.
A 10 December 2008 episode of Dr. Phil entitled "Obsessions" discussed the topic of reborning.
A January 2008 Channel 4 series, My Fake Baby, explored the lives of women who collect the lifelike baby dolls.
A 2 January 2009 ABC News article described both the manufacturing and the emotional interaction of reborn dolls.
A 2 January 20/20 episode talked about the mothering process and attachment to reborns.
References
Barrow-Belisle, Michelle (2006). Beautiful Babies: The Art of Reborn Doll Making. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1411678231.
Holper, Jeanine M. (2006). Excellence in Reborn Artistry: Learn the Reborning Art: Create Reborn Dolls Instructions & Tutorial. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4357-1254-6.
^ a b "Not Child's Play: 'I Feel Like I Have a Real Baby'". ABC News. 2 January 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=6517455&page=1. Retrieved on 2009-01-03.
^ Frantic rescue effort saves doll, not baby | NEWS.com.au
^ http://www.drphil.com/shows/show/1184
^ http://www.channel4.com/video/my-fake-baby/series-1/episode-1/living-doll_p_1.html My Fake Baby, documentary excerpt
^ "When Those Cute Babies Aren't Real". ABC 20/20. 2 January 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=6557305. Retrieved on 2009-01-03.
^ http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=6557305
External links
Are these baby dolls cute or creepy? - Toronto Star article
Not Child's Play ABC News
Categories: Arts and crafts | Dolls | Internet culture
Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from November 2008(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about paving asphalt:polece motorcycle, color jet fuel, . The JIS G3445 STEEL PIPE products should be show more here!
Diamagnetism
I want to introduct something about Connector Terminal. Country of Origin: China (mainland) Brand Name: AIRIC Primary Competitive Advantages: "Green" Product International Approvals Military Specifications Packaging Price Product Features Product Performance Prompt Delivery Quality Approvals Reputation Service Small Orders Accepted Main Export Markets: Eastern Europe North America Mid East/Africa Central/South America Asia Western Europe Australasia Connector Terminal RHT22-16 Series Heat Shrink Ring Terminal with 22 to 16AWG Request Sample View basket Specifications Key Specifications/Special Features: Maximum current: 22 to 16AWG 19A; 16 to 14AWG 27A; 12 to 10AWG 48A Maximum voltage: 600V Shrink temperature: 150C Operation temperature: -10C-+150C Insulated part material: PE Insulated part color: 22 to 16AWG red; 16 to 14AWG blue; 12 to 10A.WG yellow Metal part material:
(Redirected from Diamagnetic)
Levitating pyrolytic carbon
Diamagnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create a magnetic field in opposition of an externally applied magnetic field, thus causing a repulsive effect. Specifically, an external magnetic field alters the orbital velocity of electrons around their nuclei, thus changing the magnetic dipole moment in the direction opposing the external field.
Consequently, diamagnetism is a form of magnetism that is only exhibited by a substance in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. It is generally a quite weak effect in most materials, although superconductors exhibit a strong effect.
Contents
1 Diamagnetic properties of materials
2 History
3 Demonstrations of diamagnetism
3.1 Curving water surfaces
3.2 Diamagnetic levitation
4 References
5 External links
//
Diamagnetic properties of materials
Diamagnetism in common materials
Material
?m=Km-1 x 10-5
Bismuth
-16.6
Carbon (diamond)
-2.1
Carbon (graphite)
-1.6
Copper
-1.0
Lead
-1.8
Mercury
-2.9
Silver
-2.6
Water
-0.91
All materials show a diamagnetic response in an applied magnetic field. In fact, diamagnetism is a very general phenomenon, because all paired electrons, including the core electrons of an atom, will always make a weak diamagnetic contribution to the material's response. However, for materials that show some other form of magnetism (such as ferromagnetism or paramagnetism), the diamagnetism is completely overpowered. Substances that mostly display diamagnetic behaviour are termed diamagnetic materials, or diamagnets. Materials that are said to be diamagnetic are those that are usually considered by non-physicists to be "non-magnetic", and include water, wood, most organic compounds such as petroleum and some plastics, and many metals including copper, particularly the heavy ones with many core electrons, such as mercury, gold and bismuth.
Diamagnetic materials have a relative magnetic permeability that is less than 1, thus a magnetic susceptibility which is less than 0, and are therefore repelled by magnetic fields. However, since diamagnetism is such a weak property its effects are not observable in every-day life. For example, the magnetic susceptibility of diamagnets such as water is = ?9.0510?6. The most strongly diamagnetic material is bismuth, = ?1.6610?4 , although pyrolytic graphite may have a susceptibility of = ?4.0010?4 in one plane. Nevertheless these values are orders of magnitudes smaller than the magnetism exhibited by paramagnets and ferromagnets.
Superconductors may be considered to be perfect diamagnets ( = ?1), since they expel all fields from their interior due to the Meissner effect.
Additionally, all conductors exhibit an effective diamagnetism when they move through a magnetic field. The Lorentz force on electrons causes them to circulate around forming eddy currents. The eddy currents then produce an induced magnetic field which opposes the applied field, resisting the conductor's motion.
History
In 1778 S. J. Bergman was the first person to observe that bismuth and antimony were repelled by magnetic fields. However, the term "diamagnetism" was coined by Michael Faraday in September 1845, when he realized that all materials in nature possessed some form of diamagnetic response to an applied magnetic field.
Demonstrations of diamagnetism
Curving water surfaces
If a thin (under 0.5 cm) layer of water is placed on top of a powerful magnet (such as a supermagnet) then the field of the magnet repels the water. This causes a slight dimple in the water's surface that may be seen by its reflection.
Diamagnetic levitation
A live frog levitates inside a 32 mm diameter vertical bore of a Bitter solenoid in a magnetic field of about 16 teslas at the Nijmegen High Field Magnet Laboratory. Movie
Diamagnets may be levitated in stable equilibrium in a magnetic field, with no power consumption. Earnshaw's theorem seems to preclude the possibility of static magnetic levitation. However, Earnshaw's theorem only applies to objects with permanent moments m, such as ferromagnets, whose magnetic energy is given by m. Ferromagnets are attracted to field maxima, which do not exist in free space. Diamagnetism is an induced form of magnetism, thus the magnetic moment is proportional to the applied field B. This means that the magnetic energy of diamagnets is proportional to B2, the intensity of the magnetic field. Diamagnets are also attracted to field minima, and there can be a minimum in B2 in free space (in fact ). The important distinction is that the sign of the induced magnetization in a diamagnet opposes the applied field, hence the attraction to minima in the...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about sell: jst connector, stainless steel connectors, . The Connector Terminal products should be show more here!
(Redirected from Diamagnetic)
Levitating pyrolytic carbon
Diamagnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create a magnetic field in opposition of an externally applied magnetic field, thus causing a repulsive effect. Specifically, an external magnetic field alters the orbital velocity of electrons around their nuclei, thus changing the magnetic dipole moment in the direction opposing the external field.
Consequently, diamagnetism is a form of magnetism that is only exhibited by a substance in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. It is generally a quite weak effect in most materials, although superconductors exhibit a strong effect.
Contents
1 Diamagnetic properties of materials
2 History
3 Demonstrations of diamagnetism
3.1 Curving water surfaces
3.2 Diamagnetic levitation
4 References
5 External links
//
Diamagnetic properties of materials
Diamagnetism in common materials
Material
?m=Km-1 x 10-5
Bismuth
-16.6
Carbon (diamond)
-2.1
Carbon (graphite)
-1.6
Copper
-1.0
Lead
-1.8
Mercury
-2.9
Silver
-2.6
Water
-0.91
All materials show a diamagnetic response in an applied magnetic field. In fact, diamagnetism is a very general phenomenon, because all paired electrons, including the core electrons of an atom, will always make a weak diamagnetic contribution to the material's response. However, for materials that show some other form of magnetism (such as ferromagnetism or paramagnetism), the diamagnetism is completely overpowered. Substances that mostly display diamagnetic behaviour are termed diamagnetic materials, or diamagnets. Materials that are said to be diamagnetic are those that are usually considered by non-physicists to be "non-magnetic", and include water, wood, most organic compounds such as petroleum and some plastics, and many metals including copper, particularly the heavy ones with many core electrons, such as mercury, gold and bismuth.
Diamagnetic materials have a relative magnetic permeability that is less than 1, thus a magnetic susceptibility which is less than 0, and are therefore repelled by magnetic fields. However, since diamagnetism is such a weak property its effects are not observable in every-day life. For example, the magnetic susceptibility of diamagnets such as water is = ?9.0510?6. The most strongly diamagnetic material is bismuth, = ?1.6610?4 , although pyrolytic graphite may have a susceptibility of = ?4.0010?4 in one plane. Nevertheless these values are orders of magnitudes smaller than the magnetism exhibited by paramagnets and ferromagnets.
Superconductors may be considered to be perfect diamagnets ( = ?1), since they expel all fields from their interior due to the Meissner effect.
Additionally, all conductors exhibit an effective diamagnetism when they move through a magnetic field. The Lorentz force on electrons causes them to circulate around forming eddy currents. The eddy currents then produce an induced magnetic field which opposes the applied field, resisting the conductor's motion.
History
In 1778 S. J. Bergman was the first person to observe that bismuth and antimony were repelled by magnetic fields. However, the term "diamagnetism" was coined by Michael Faraday in September 1845, when he realized that all materials in nature possessed some form of diamagnetic response to an applied magnetic field.
Demonstrations of diamagnetism
Curving water surfaces
If a thin (under 0.5 cm) layer of water is placed on top of a powerful magnet (such as a supermagnet) then the field of the magnet repels the water. This causes a slight dimple in the water's surface that may be seen by its reflection.
Diamagnetic levitation
A live frog levitates inside a 32 mm diameter vertical bore of a Bitter solenoid in a magnetic field of about 16 teslas at the Nijmegen High Field Magnet Laboratory. Movie
Diamagnets may be levitated in stable equilibrium in a magnetic field, with no power consumption. Earnshaw's theorem seems to preclude the possibility of static magnetic levitation. However, Earnshaw's theorem only applies to objects with permanent moments m, such as ferromagnets, whose magnetic energy is given by m. Ferromagnets are attracted to field maxima, which do not exist in free space. Diamagnetism is an induced form of magnetism, thus the magnetic moment is proportional to the applied field B. This means that the magnetic energy of diamagnets is proportional to B2, the intensity of the magnetic field. Diamagnets are also attracted to field minima, and there can be a minimum in B2 in free space (in fact ). The important distinction is that the sign of the induced magnetization in a diamagnet opposes the applied field, hence the attraction to minima in the...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about sell: jst connector, stainless steel connectors, . The Connector Terminal products should be show more here!
Ignacy ?ukasiewicz
I want to introduct something about .
Jan Jef Ignacy ?ukasiewicz
Jan Jef Ignacy ?ukasiewicz (1822 - 1882) was a Polish pharmacist who devised the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil. He was the founder of the Polish oil industry and one of the pioneers of oil industry in the world. Among his achievements were the construction of modern kerosene lamp (1853), founding of the first oil well (1854) in Poland and the building of the first oil refinery in the world (1856).
?ukasiewicz became a wealthy man and one of the most prominent philanthropists in Galicia. Because of his support for the economical development of the region, a popular saying was coined attributing all paved roads to his guldens.
Contents
1 Biography
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
4.1 Quotes
//
Biography
Mikolasch's pharmacy
Galician oil wells
Oil wells in Grabownica; 1930s
Ignacy ?ukasiewicz was born March 8, 1822 in Zaduszniki near Mielec, in the Austrian empire (after the partition of Poland). His parents were Apolonia n ?wietlik and Jef ?ukasiewicz, a member of local intelligentsia and a veteran of Ko?ciuszko's Uprising. His parents rented a small manor in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth had to move to Rzesz due to economical difficulties. There Ignacy started his studies at the local gymnasium, but had to abandon it in 1836. To help his parents, Ignacy ?ukasiewicz moved to ?a?cut where he started to work as a pharmacist's assistant. At the same time he became involved in various political organizations supporting the idea of restoration of Polish sovereignty. In 1840 he returned to Rzesz, where he continued to practice at the pharmacy of Edward Hl. In 1845 he met Edward Dembowski, who admitted ?ukasiewicz to the illegal Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society. The aim of that organization was to prepare an all-national uprising against the partitioning powers. Because of that, on February 19, 1846 ?ukasiewicz was arrested by the Austrian authorities and imprisoned in Lw. On December 27, 1847 he was released from prison due to lack of evidence, but for the rest of his life he was regarded as politically insecure. He was also ordered to remain in Lw.
There ?ukasiewicz started working for the Pod Z?ot? Gwiazd? pharmacy owned by Piotr Mikolasch. On his insistence ?ukasiewicz was allowed to leave Lw and join the Krak University. After several years of studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, he managed to pass all his university examinations except pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally, on July 30, 1852 ?ukasiewicz graduated from the faculty of pharmacy of the University of Vienna. He then returned to Lw. ?ukasiewicz had long been interested in the potential of seep oil as a cheap alternative to the more expensive whale oil. In 1853 Jan Zeh, together with his associate ?ukasiewicz, was the first in the world to distill clear kerosene from seep oil, Canada's Abraham Gesner having first refined kerosene from coal in 1846. On July 31, 1853, ?ukasiewicz made one of his kerosene lamps available to a local hospital to illuminate an emergency surgical operation.[citation needed] The date is considered the starting point of modern oil industry.
In early 1854 ?ukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he continued his work. He set up many companies together with entrepreneurs and landowners. That same year, he opened the world's first oil "mine" at Brka, near Krosno (still operational as of 2006). At the same time ?ukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year he set up the first kerosene street lamp in Gorlice's borough of Zawodzie. In the following years he opened several other oil wells, each of them as a joint-venture with various local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice near Jas?o he opened an "oil distillery", that is the first industrial oil refinery in the world. As the demand for kerosene was still low, the plant initially produced mostly artificial asphalt, machine oil and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in a fire in 1859, but was rebuilt in Polanka near Krosno the following year.
In 1863 ?ukasiewicz, who moved to Jas?o in 1858, was already a wealthy man. He openly supported the January Uprising and financed help for the refugees. In 1865 he bought a large manor and the village of Chorkka. There he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the largest fortunes in Galicia, ?ukasiewicz promoted the development of oil industry in the area of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to several oil-mining enterprises in the area, including the oil wells of Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa and Wtowa. He also became the benefactor of the region and founded a spa resort in Brka, a chapel in Chorkka and a large church in Zr?cin. As one of the best-known businessmen of his times, he was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about Acupuncture Points Map, Motion Moving Picture, . The products should be show more here!
Jan Jef Ignacy ?ukasiewicz
Jan Jef Ignacy ?ukasiewicz (1822 - 1882) was a Polish pharmacist who devised the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil. He was the founder of the Polish oil industry and one of the pioneers of oil industry in the world. Among his achievements were the construction of modern kerosene lamp (1853), founding of the first oil well (1854) in Poland and the building of the first oil refinery in the world (1856).
?ukasiewicz became a wealthy man and one of the most prominent philanthropists in Galicia. Because of his support for the economical development of the region, a popular saying was coined attributing all paved roads to his guldens.
Contents
1 Biography
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
4.1 Quotes
//
Biography
Mikolasch's pharmacy
Galician oil wells
Oil wells in Grabownica; 1930s
Ignacy ?ukasiewicz was born March 8, 1822 in Zaduszniki near Mielec, in the Austrian empire (after the partition of Poland). His parents were Apolonia n ?wietlik and Jef ?ukasiewicz, a member of local intelligentsia and a veteran of Ko?ciuszko's Uprising. His parents rented a small manor in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth had to move to Rzesz due to economical difficulties. There Ignacy started his studies at the local gymnasium, but had to abandon it in 1836. To help his parents, Ignacy ?ukasiewicz moved to ?a?cut where he started to work as a pharmacist's assistant. At the same time he became involved in various political organizations supporting the idea of restoration of Polish sovereignty. In 1840 he returned to Rzesz, where he continued to practice at the pharmacy of Edward Hl. In 1845 he met Edward Dembowski, who admitted ?ukasiewicz to the illegal Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society. The aim of that organization was to prepare an all-national uprising against the partitioning powers. Because of that, on February 19, 1846 ?ukasiewicz was arrested by the Austrian authorities and imprisoned in Lw. On December 27, 1847 he was released from prison due to lack of evidence, but for the rest of his life he was regarded as politically insecure. He was also ordered to remain in Lw.
There ?ukasiewicz started working for the Pod Z?ot? Gwiazd? pharmacy owned by Piotr Mikolasch. On his insistence ?ukasiewicz was allowed to leave Lw and join the Krak University. After several years of studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, he managed to pass all his university examinations except pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally, on July 30, 1852 ?ukasiewicz graduated from the faculty of pharmacy of the University of Vienna. He then returned to Lw. ?ukasiewicz had long been interested in the potential of seep oil as a cheap alternative to the more expensive whale oil. In 1853 Jan Zeh, together with his associate ?ukasiewicz, was the first in the world to distill clear kerosene from seep oil, Canada's Abraham Gesner having first refined kerosene from coal in 1846. On July 31, 1853, ?ukasiewicz made one of his kerosene lamps available to a local hospital to illuminate an emergency surgical operation.[citation needed] The date is considered the starting point of modern oil industry.
In early 1854 ?ukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he continued his work. He set up many companies together with entrepreneurs and landowners. That same year, he opened the world's first oil "mine" at Brka, near Krosno (still operational as of 2006). At the same time ?ukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year he set up the first kerosene street lamp in Gorlice's borough of Zawodzie. In the following years he opened several other oil wells, each of them as a joint-venture with various local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice near Jas?o he opened an "oil distillery", that is the first industrial oil refinery in the world. As the demand for kerosene was still low, the plant initially produced mostly artificial asphalt, machine oil and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in a fire in 1859, but was rebuilt in Polanka near Krosno the following year.
In 1863 ?ukasiewicz, who moved to Jas?o in 1858, was already a wealthy man. He openly supported the January Uprising and financed help for the refugees. In 1865 he bought a large manor and the village of Chorkka. There he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the largest fortunes in Galicia, ?ukasiewicz promoted the development of oil industry in the area of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to several oil-mining enterprises in the area, including the oil wells of Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa and Wtowa. He also became the benefactor of the region and founded a spa resort in Brka, a chapel in Chorkka and a large church in Zr?cin. As one of the best-known businessmen of his times, he was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about Acupuncture Points Map, Motion Moving Picture, . The products should be show more here!
File:Jump In My Car Cover.PNG
I want to introduct something about GIFTS / Wedding & A Married Couple. To couple which start new life. Live a longer, happily life like thread. It is an embroidery made by hand switch by switch. Be proud of showing the HANDPHOTO of marriage image to guests. Leave heritage to next generations. Order the couple photograph! Live together till old, a healthy life like thread, and leave it to sons and grandsons. It can be a heritage.
File
File history
File links
No higher resolution available.Jump_In_My_Car_Cover.PNG? (495 494 pixels, file size: 611 KB, MIME type: image/png)
Summary
Non-free use media rationale for Jump in My Car
Description
Cover to the 2006 David Hasselhoff Single "Jump In My Car".
Source
Skintight Records 2006.
Article
Jump in My Car
Portion used
The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
Low resolution?
It is a low resolution image.
Purpose of use
It illustrates educational articles about the single from which the image was taken.
Replaceable?
Copyrighted character, so no free replacement can be found
Licensing
This image is of a cover of an audio recording, and the copyright for it is most likely owned by either the publisher of the work or the artist(s) which produced the recording or cover artwork in question. It is believed that the use of low-resolution images of such covers
solely to illustrate the audio recording in question,
on the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation,
qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Non-free content for more information.To the uploader: please add a detailed fair use rationale for each use, as described on Wikipedia:Non-free use rationale guideline, as well as the source of the work and copyright information. For an example fair use rationale, see here.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. (latest | earliest) View (newer 50) (older 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)
Date/Time
Thumbnail
Dimensions
User
Comment
current
10:34, 9 January 2008
495494 (611 KB)
Sarujo (talk | contribs)
({{Non-free media rationale | Article = Jump in My Car | Description = Cover to the 2006 David Hasselhoff Single "Jump In My Car". | Source = Skintight Records 2006. | Portion = The image is only a small portion of the )(latest | earliest) View (newer 50) (older 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)
Edit this file using an external application See the setup instructions for more information.
File links
The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
Jump in My Car
Categories: Album covers
Hidden categories: Non-free Wikipedia files with valid backlink | All non-free media(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about christmas napkin cover, medical product distribution, . The GIFTS / Wedding & A Married Couple products should be show more here!
File
File history
File links
No higher resolution available.Jump_In_My_Car_Cover.PNG? (495 494 pixels, file size: 611 KB, MIME type: image/png)
Summary
Non-free use media rationale for Jump in My Car
Description
Cover to the 2006 David Hasselhoff Single "Jump In My Car".
Source
Skintight Records 2006.
Article
Jump in My Car
Portion used
The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
Low resolution?
It is a low resolution image.
Purpose of use
It illustrates educational articles about the single from which the image was taken.
Replaceable?
Copyrighted character, so no free replacement can be found
Licensing
This image is of a cover of an audio recording, and the copyright for it is most likely owned by either the publisher of the work or the artist(s) which produced the recording or cover artwork in question. It is believed that the use of low-resolution images of such covers
solely to illustrate the audio recording in question,
on the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation,
qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Non-free content for more information.To the uploader: please add a detailed fair use rationale for each use, as described on Wikipedia:Non-free use rationale guideline, as well as the source of the work and copyright information. For an example fair use rationale, see here.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. (latest | earliest) View (newer 50) (older 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)
Date/Time
Thumbnail
Dimensions
User
Comment
current
10:34, 9 January 2008
495494 (611 KB)
Sarujo (talk | contribs)
({{Non-free media rationale | Article = Jump in My Car | Description = Cover to the 2006 David Hasselhoff Single "Jump In My Car". | Source = Skintight Records 2006. | Portion = The image is only a small portion of the )(latest | earliest) View (newer 50) (older 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)
Edit this file using an external application See the setup instructions for more information.
File links
The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
Jump in My Car
Categories: Album covers
Hidden categories: Non-free Wikipedia files with valid backlink | All non-free media(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about christmas napkin cover, medical product distribution, . The GIFTS / Wedding & A Married Couple products should be show more here!
Brake bleeding
I want to introduct something about Toner cartridge for Samsung SCX-D4725A.
For use on: Samsung ML-2250/ML-2251/ML-2251NP/ML-2251W Dell 1600n Xerox Phaser 3150 Xerox WorkCentre PE120/PE120i Samsung SCX-4520/SCX-4720F/SCX-4720FN Samsung SCX-4725F/4725FN Toner cartridge for Samsung SCX-D4725A mo
Close-up of a disk brake bleeder valve
Vacuum bleeding a disk brake caliper
Pressure bleeding a brake system
Brake bleeding is the procedure performed on hydraulic brake systems whereby the brake lines (the pipes and hoses containing the brake fluid) are purged of any air bubbles. This is necessary because, while the brake fluid is an incompressible liquid, air bubbles are compressible gas and their presence in the brake system greatly reduces the hydraulic pressure that can be developed within the system. The same methods used for bleeding are also used for purging, where the old fluid is replaced with new fluid, which is necessary maintenance. The brake fluid capacity of a typical automobile is around 250ml. Brake fluid is toxic, and must be handled carefully and disposed of properly.
The process is performed by forcing clean, bubble-free brake fluid through the entire system, usually from the master cylinder(s) to the calipers of disc brakes (or the wheel cylinders of drum brakes), but in certain cases in the opposite direction. The brake bleeder valve is normally mounted at the highest point on each cylinder or caliper.
Please note that the following description of brake bleeding techniques is intended only to provide an overview of the common methods, and is NOT to be used as specific instruction. The actual procedure varies from one vehicle to another and the manufacturers' shop manual procedure should be used.
There are four main methods of bleeding: Pump & Hold (2 variations), Vacuum, Pressure, and Reversed Pressure. Pump & Hold generally requires two people, the other methods can be done by a single person.
Pump and Hold Method: One person pumps the brake pedal to compress the air, then holds pressure on it. The other person opens the bleeder valve to let out fluid and air, then closes the valve after the pedal has landed (to prevent air being sucked back in through the valve on the upstroke). The process is repeated, sometimes many times, for each wheel. Usually a length of clear tubing is connected to the bleeder valve and run to a container during the process, both to collect the toxic brake fluid and to better view the fluid and bubbles. The master cylinder reservoir must be replenished frequently, for if it goes dry the entire process must be redone. The cover must be left loose so that the fluid may be drawn, but should be in place so that fluid does not squirt out on the return stroke. A block may be placed under the pedal so that it does not bottom out during this procedure, as the master cylinder seals could be damaged by encountering accumulated sediment and / or corrosion.
Pump and Hold Method, One Person Option: This uses either a "one man" bleeder tool, comprising of a one way valve at the end of a length of tubing which is attached to the bleeder valve, or a special one way bleeder valve. These methods have the disadvantage that air is sometimes sucked back into the system via the bleeder valve threads, this can be alleviated to a degree by using teflon tape on those threads.
Vacuum Method: The master cylinder is topped off and the cover left loose. A specialized vacuum pump is attached to the bleeder valve, which is opened and fluid extracted with the pump until it runs clear of bubbles. Once again, the master cylinder reservoir level must be maintained. The vacuum method can also draw in air via the bleeder threads, so the bubbles will never clear.
Pressure Method: A specialized pressure pump, is attached to the master cylinder and filled with fluid. The pump is used to pressurize the system to about 10psi, and the bleeder valves are opened one at a time until the fluid is clear of air. One advantage to this system is that the pump reservoir usually holds enough fluid that running dry is not likely. This is the method most professional shops use.
Reverse Pressure Method: In this method, a pump is used to force fluid through the bleeder valve to the master cylinder. This method may have advantages in some cases, however it is not in common usage.
The order in which the wheels are bled is specified in the specific vehicle's shop manual. Typically the wheel furthest from the master cylinder is done first, working towards the wheel closest last.
External links
How to bleed brakes.
Another "how to" on bleeding brakes.
A page written by professional racers on maintaining and improving brake performance
Reverse bleeding of motorcycle brakes
Categories: Vehicle braking technologies(and so on)
To get More information , you can visit some products about
Toner Ink Cartridges,
inkjet printer refill,
.
The Toner cartridge for Samsung SCX-D4725A products should be show more here!
History of the electric vehicle
I want to introduct something about Ornament Parts for Engine (WV-DP016).
Ornament Parts for Engine! ! ! Our company has strong technical capability. We employ more than 40 experienced technicians and 10 college graduated students, among which 3 persons have senior professional title. Taking advantages of quality, design, technic, price and customer promise, our products are sold well in the market. Most of our products are mainly exported to Europe, America, Korea, Australia and Japan
The history of the electric vehicle began in the mid-19th century. An electrical vehicle held the vehicular land speed record until around 1900. The high cost and low top speed of electric vehicles compared to later internal combustion vehicles caused a worldwide decline in their use, and only relatively recently have they re-emerged into the public eye.
Contents
1 Origins and developments
2 Europe
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
//
Origins and developments
Electric vehicle model by yos Jedlik, the inventor of electric motor ( 1828, Hungary) .
Thomas Edison and an electric car, 1913 (courtesy of the National Museum of American History)
From what we understand today, electric motive power started in 1834 when Thomas Davenport of New Hampshire built a carriage, running on rails that used a non-rechargeable battery. Viable rechargeable batteries did not come into existence till the late 1840s, with the development of the lead acid battery. In England a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of rails as conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley and Colten in 1847. Between 1832 and 1839 (the exact year is uncertain), Professor Stratingh of Groningen, Holland, invented the first crude electric carriage, powered by non-rechargeable Primary cells.
Electric cars started to become popular because they were quieter and ran more smoothly than other cars. After improvements to storage batteries, electric cars started to flourish. However, these were mainly in Europe only. It was not until 1890 that America paid any attention to the growing technology. The two different electric autos built by A. L. Ryker and William Morrison in 1891 brought the electric car to the spotlight in America.
The first commercial application of an electric car came in 1897 when the Electric Carriage & Wagon Company of Philadelphia built a fleet of New York taxis. Until 1899, electric cars held the land speed record. At the turn of the twentieth century, they were produced by Anthony Electric, Baker Motor Vehicle, Detroit Electric, Woods Motor Vehicle and others and at one point in history outsold gasoline-powered vehicles.
Electrified trains were used for coal transport as the motors did not use precious oxygen in the mines. Switzerland's lack of natural fossil resources forced the rapid electrification of their rail network. In 1916, a man by the name of Woods invented the first hybrid car, combining an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
The early twentieth century was the height for the American electric car. Many factors contributed to the downfall of the electric car, but the final blow seems to be the production of the gasoline car by Henry Ford. His mass-produced cars cost half as much as the average electric car. The electric car was dead until the 1960s.
The 1947 invention of the point-contact transistor marked the beginning of a new era for EV technology. Within a decade, Henney Coachworks had joined forces with National Union Electric Company, the makers of Exide batteries, to produce the first modern electric car based on transistor technology, the Henney Kilowatt, produced in 36-volt and 72-volt configurations. The 72-volt models had a top speed approaching 96 km/h (60 mph) and could travel nearly an hour on a single charge. Despite the improved practicality of the Henney Kilowatt over previous electric cars, it was too expensive, and production was terminated in 1961. Even though the Henney Kilowatt never reached mass production volume, their transistor-based electric technology paved the way for modern EVs.
The 2008 world petroleum crisis renewed interest in alternative fuels. Many companies decided to renew the electric car for uses like mail trucks and other service vehicles. Governments around the world pushed for fuel reform to protect the environment. Many laws influenced large automakers to start producing electric car prototypes, but costs prohibited them from going to the market until recently. Many models like the Toyota Prius have become extremely popular.
In 2008, Mitsubishi Motors and PSA Peugeot Citroen are going to collaborate in technology for electric vehicles as the global race to build green cars heats up. [1]
Europe
Citro?n Berlingo Electrique vans of the ELCIDIS goods distribution service in La Rochelle, France
Electric Micro-vans produced by Micro-Vett on the basis off a Piaggio (rebranded Isuzu) vehicle exchanging the internal combustion engine for distribution services in Rome, Italy courtesy greenfleet.info
France
France saw a large development of battery-electric vehicles in the 1990s; the most successful vehicle was the electric Peugeot Partner/Citro?n Berlingo, of which several thousand have been built, mostly for fleet use in municipalities and by...(and so on)
To get More information , you can visit some products about
Air Cooled Motor,
gear reduction motors,
.
The Ornament Parts for Engine (WV-DP016) products should be show more here!
Inkjet refill kit
I want to introduct something about Just Plain Beautiful Beautiful Cakes Fireworks.
Place of Origin: China Hunan Brand Name: Monkey Fireworks Model Number: MU001 Terms of Payment: L/C,T/T Delivery Lead Time: Within two weeks Just Plain Beautiful Beautiful Cakes Item No.MU001 Item: Name: just plain beautiful Packing: 1 pc in a carton Effect: the shape is similar to UFO. It goes up with silver tails and strong whistling; When it goes up to 15 meters, it will stop for 1 second and go up again to about 25 meters Size: 0.04cbm Item:Name: just plain beautiful Packing:1 pc in a carton Effect:the shape is similar to UFO. It goes up with silver tails and strong whistling; Size:0.04cbm
An inkjet refill kit is a set of tools and a certain amount of ink used to refill ink cartridges. The specific tools and the amount or type of ink depends on which cartridge the kit is designed for. The purpose of an inkjet refill kit for consumers is that it offers a low-cost alternative to buying new cartridges.
Contents
1 Contents
2 Refilling Process
3 Pros and Cons
4 See also
//
Contents
Typically, a refill kit comes with a cartridge holder, bottles of ink and needles. The exact tools that come with the kit can vary by manufacturer or by which cartridge the kit is for. Some tools are found in all kits because they are necessary to refill, but others, like the cartridge holder or a needle to withdraw air from the cartridge, are optional.
The most common refill kits come with either: bottles of black ink for black refill kits; or one bottle each of cyan, magenta and yellow for color refill kits; or one bottle each of photo cyan, photo magenta and photo black for photo-color refill kits; or combination of all colors for combo refill kits.
Refilling Process
The refill process typically involves the following steps:
Injecting ink: Depending on the type of cartridge being refilled, ink can either be injected through a hole on top of the cartridge, or directly into the ink chambers after the top has been popped off. The ink can be injected directly from a bottle (with a needle tip on it) or from a needle filled with ink. The ink must be slowly injected into the cartridge so as not to cause damage, or overfilling, or overflow to other-color ink reservoirs. (For colors, a label on the cartridge might have 3 ordered color-dots to indicate the corresponding 3 ink colors of the reservoir chambers.
Some refill kits include a final step where a small amount of air is removed from the cartridge in order to restore the ink-fluid balance that was present inside the cartridge before the refilling.
Installing/running: Once the cartridge is filled, the top is placed back on (if necessary) and the cartridge can be reinstalled in the printer. Extra ink flowing from the cartridge print-head can be wiped/blotted (for a few minutes). On some cartridges the ink has a problem getting to the bottom of the cartridge (especially the colored cartridges), it must be forced to the bottom either by suction through the jet plate or by putting pressure from the top with a syringe to purge the ink through the jet plate very gently. It might be necessary to run the printer cleaning utilities on the refilled cartridge, in case any excess ink is leftover from the refilling process. A note to the unfamiliar, the capacity of the cartridge of some brands is much much more than the cartridge comes with when new (especially the colored ones), there may be room for 2 or 3 times the ink sold in some "kits". (this can be learned by doing an autopsy on a non-functioning cartridge, also why the ink does not reach the bottom in the case of some colored inks). In those cases the needle must be able to reach to within 0.375" from the bottom or closer to be sure that the ink can reach the jets and not just saturate the sponge. The sponge can in some cases take 2 or more charges of ink and still not reach the bottom (jets).
Print-head cleaning: Sometimes the ink flow might be blocked by dried ink on the ink cartridge print-head. For color cartridges, typically one ink-color fails to flow due to dried ink. The dried ink can be cleaned using isopropyl alcohol (50% or higher) on a swab or folded paper towel rubbed gently 3 or 4 times across the print-head. Another method is to let the cartridge sit overnight in a shallow cup or glass or very warm clean water (not necessarily distilled water). The water depth required is about .25 or .375", remove and reclean as above and try to use.
Pros and Cons
The main benefit of using a refill kit is the savings. The average price for these kits is $10-$20 and they usually yield about three refills. Based on that, a person could be getting a new cartridge for about $5, versus the $25-30 they would pay at the store for a new one. There is also the environmental benefit, as you are reusing a cartridge that would have otherwise been thrown away after one use.
The downside to refill is the time associated with it and the unpredictability. Refilling a cartridge can take 10-15 minutes for those unfamiliar with the process, and some may prefer buying a new cartridge to the effort it takes to refill. Also, ink cartridges usually last for 4-5 refills, but there are those that can only be refilled one time before they are worn out.
The biggest perceived downside to refilling is the mess associated with it. Many consumers shy away from refilling either based on past experiences or stories they have heard. Many of the unsuccessful refill kits of the past were so-called "universal" kits,...(and so on)
To get More information , you can visit some products about
wholesale tea candles,
cork keys holder,
.
The Just Plain Beautiful Beautiful Cakes Fireworks products should be show more here!
Archos Generation 5
I want to introduct something about Chemical Pump.
Place of Origin: China Brand Name: tianquan Model Number: IH Standard or Nonstandard: Standard Usage: Water Theory: Centrifugal Pump Terms of Payment: L/C,D/A,D/P,T/T Supply Ability: 1000000 Set/Sets per Year Minimum Order: 2 Set/Sets Packaging: Plywood case. Delivery Lead Time: 25days Brief introduction: IH type chemical pump is single stage single suction centrifugal pump used to deliver corrosive liquid not containing solid particles and similar to water in viscidity. The marks, rated performance and dimensions are made according to the international standard of ISO2858. The components in contact with medium flow are made of stainless steel, with maximum service pressure up to 1.6MPa. Application: IH type
Archos Generation 5 is a series of portable media players introduced in 2007.
605 WiFi
Manufacturer:
Archos
Processor:
Intel XScale PXA 255 400 MHz processor
Storage:
30 GB, 80GB, 160GB, and 4 GB with SDHC slot
Display:
WVGA resolution, 24-bit color palette, 4.3" TFT LCD semi-matte touchscreen
Video:
MPEG-4 AVI, WMV. with plug-in: H.264, AAC, MPEG-2 and AC3 stereo sound
Audio:
Stereo MP3 decoding @ 30-320 kbit/s, WMA, Protected WMA, WAV. with plug-in:: AAC5, AC3, Flac, Ogg[1]
Photo viewer:
JPEG, BMP, PNG
PDF viewer:
Reads PDF documents
Video recording:
with DVR Station/Travel Adapter. Records NTSC/PAL/SECAM in MPEG-4 AVI with VGA resolution @ 30 or 25 f/s
Audio recording:
with DVR Station/Travel Adapter: Stereo line-in, WAV
Interfaces:
connects through USB in either MSC or MTP, WiFi (802.11g)
Connections:
3.5 mm Audio, Proprietary dock port
Battery life:
Music playback: 17 hrs, Video playback: 5.5 hrs. External Battery available
Charge:
USB, DVR Station, optional Wall outlet
Dimensions & weight:
For 4/30GB models 122 x 82 x 15 mm, 5.3oz/6.7oz
For 80/160GB models 122 x 82 x 20 mm, 9.17oz
Contents
1 705 WiFi
2 605 WiFi
2.1 605 GPS
3 405
4 105
5 Features
5.1 DVR Station
5.2 Content Portal
5.3 Web Browser
5.4 GPS
5.5 WebTV & Radio
6 Source Code Release
6.1 GFT Exploit
6.2 QTopia
6.3 openPMA-NG
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
//
705 WiFi
The Archos 705 WiFi was released on November 16, 2007, in capacities of 80GB and 160GB, with the same overall design of the last generation and an updated operating system and hardware compatibility. Unlike the 405 and 605 WiFi, the 705 WiFi has an 18-bit color depth instead of Truecolor.
605 WiFi
The Archos 605 WiFi was launched on September 1, 2007. While the player is a technical update from the previous generation, the 605 WiFi is released in larger capacities, not unlike the 504. The 4 GB flash-based version includes a SDHC card slot. The player is also available in hard drive capacities of 30 GB, 40 GB (only in the UK)[2], 80 GB, and 160 GB.
The design of the 605 WiFi is similar to the previous line, though changes include a thinner profile and smaller buttons. The button layout remains the same but with the addition of a volume control. The battery is now irremovable, though an extended battery pack is available optionally, and the kickstand is moved to the edge of the player. The 605 WiFi features support for Adobe Flash, which equips a portable version of Opera. An online content portal is linked to directly purchase or rent media from various distributors.
Recently, a special edition of the 605 WiFi has been released in Europe. This version has a 20GB capacity and is bundled with Charlie Chaplin movies and a custom engraving on the back.[3] A Harry Potter edition was later released.[4]
605 GPS
Archos has also released a variant of the 605 WiFi with an additional GPS feature. It is available in a 4 GB flash-based capacity and a 30 GB hard drive capacity.
405
Flash based, comes in 2 GB with SDHC expansion, and a QVGA screen. Available in a limited edition lilac colour.
A hard drive version of this player has been released in Europe in a capacity of 30GB.[5]
105
The Archos 105 is a flash-based PMP with a 1.8-inch (46mm) OLED display that is capable of WMV playback. The player is currently available in a 2GB capacity.
Features
DVR Station
The optional DVR station plays back video in DVD quality resolution through the composite, S-video, RGB or YPbPr video outputs with the audio in stereo or 5.1 surround sound through the SPDIF output. An external harddrive can be attached to the DVR station via a USB hub to increase the storage capacity. The DVR feature has an infrared emitter that can control many different brands of TV's, cable boxes, and satellite boxes. An online TV guide can show scheduled broadcasts which you can set to be downloaded and viewed at a later time. The DVR station also comes with a qwerty remote control to surf the web or to use the TV Program Guide directly on a TV screen.
Content Portal
The Archos Content Portals (ACP) allow the 605 WiFi and 705 WiFi to directly purchase or rent videos on the device through wireless internet. The content on the ACPs are provided through other companies that have their own "portal". Currently only CinemaNow has service for North American users. There has also been announced a deal with Paramount in April 2008. [6]
Web Browser
The web browser for the 605 WiFi and 705 WiFi is an iteration of Opera for devices. Unlike with the 604 WiFi, it is...(and so on)
To get More information , you can visit some products about
submerged arc consumables,
bespoke shower enclosures,
.
The Chemical Pump products should be show more here!
Hydraulic machinery
I want to introduct something about Low Noise Type Pilot Operated Relief Valves.
Structure: Control Terms of Payment: T/T Pilot operated relief valves here have been particularly develop-ed as low-noise types. Able to protect pumps and control valves against excessive pressures, they are used to control the pressure in the hydraulic system to a constant level. Remote control and unloading are permitted by using vent circuits.
Excavator. Main hydraulics: Boom cylinders, swing, cooler fan and trackdrive.
Princples for hydraulic force and torque multiplication.
Hydraulic machinery are machines and tools which use fluid power to do work. Heavy equipment is a common example.
In this type of machine, high-pressure liquid called hydraulic fluid is transmitted throughout the machine to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders. The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through hoses and tubes.
The popularity of hydraulic machinery is due to the very large amount of power that can be transferred through small tubes and flexible hoses, and the high power density and wide array of actuators that can make use of this power.
Hydraulic machinery is operated by the use of hydraulics, where a liquid is the powering medium. Pneumatics, on the other side, is based on the use of a gas as the medium for power transmission, generation and control.
Contents
1 Force and torque multiplication
2 Hydraulic circuits
3 Constant pressure and load-sensing systems
3.1 Five basic types of load-sensing systems
4 Open and closed circuits
5 Hydraulic pump
6 Control valves
7 Actuators
8 Reservoir
9 Accumulators
10 Hydraulic fluid
11 Filters
12 Tubes, Pipes and Hoses
13 Seals, fittings and connections
14 Basic calculations
15 See also
16 References and notes
17 External links
//
Force and torque multiplication
A fundamental feature of hydraulic systems is the ability to apply force or torque multiplication in an easy way without the need of mechanical gears or levers, either by altering the effective areas in two connected cylinders or the effective displacement between a pump and motor.
Examples
(1) Two hydraulic cylinders interconnected:
Cylinder C1 is one inch in radius, and cylinder C2 is ten inches in radius. If the force exerted on C1 is 10 lbf, the force exerted by C2 is 1000 lbf because C2 is a hundred times larger in area (S= ?r2) as C1. The downside to this is that you have to move C1 a hundred inches to move C2 one inch. The most common use for this is the classical hydraulic jack where a pumping cylinder with a small diameter is connected to the lifting cylinder with a large diameter.
(2) Pump and motor:
If a hydraulic rotary pump with the displacement 10 cc/rev is connected to a hydraulic rotary motor with 100 cc/rev, the shaft torque required to drive the pump is 10 times less than the torque available at the motor shaft, but the shaft speed (rev/min) for the motor is 10 times less than the pump shaft speed. This combination is actually the same type of force multiplication as the cylinder example (1) just that the linear force in this case is a rotary force, defined as torque.
Both these examples are usually referred to as a hydraulic transmission or hydrostatic transmission involving a certain hydraulic "gear ratio".
Hydraulic circuits
A simple open center hydraulic circuit.
The equivalent circuit schematic.
For the hydraulic fluid to do work, it must flow to the actuator and or motors, then return to a reservoir. The fluid is then filtered and re-pumped. The path taken by hydraulic fluid is called a hydraulic circuit of which there are several types. Open center circuits use pumps which supply a continuous flow. The flow is returned to tank through the control valve's open center; that is, when the control valve is centered, it provides an open return path to tank and the fluid is not pumped to a high pressure. Otherwise, if the control valve is actuated it routes fluid to and from an actuator and tank. The fluid's pressure will rise to meet any resistance, since the pump has a constant output. If the pressure rises too high, fluid returns to tank through a pressure relief valve. Multiple control valves may be stacked in series[1]. This type of circuit can use inexpensive, constant displacement pumps.
Closed center circuits supply full pressure to the control valves, whether any valves are actuated or not. The pumps vary their flow rate, pumping very little hydraulic fluid until the operator actuates a valve. The valve's spool therefore doesn't need an open center return path to tank. Multiple valves can be connected in a parallel arrangement and system pressure is equal for all valves.
Constant pressure and load-sensing systems
The closed center circuits exist in two basic configurations, normally related to the regulator for the variable pump that supplies the oil:
Constant pressure systems (CP-system), standard. Pump pressure always equals the pressure setting for the pumpregulator. This setting must cover the maximum required load pressure. Pump delivers flow according to required sum of...(and so on)
To get More information , you can visit some products about
fuel solenoid valve,
screwdriver air pneumatic,
.
The Low Noise Type Pilot Operated Relief Valves products should be show more here!
Consumer electronics in Japan
I want to introduct something about Stereo Professional Power Amplifier (001).
We can supply Stereo Professional Power Amplifier with high qualit
(Redirected from Japanese consumer electronics industry)
It needs additional references or sources for verification. Tagged since August 2008.
It needs to be updated. Tagged since January 2007.
It needs to be expanded. Tagged since March 2007.
It may need copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone or spelling. Tagged since March 2007.
The following WikiProjects and/or Portals may be able to help recruit one:
WikiProject Japan
Japan Portal
WikiProject Economics
Economics Portal
WikiProject Business
Business Portal If another appropriate WikiProject or portal exists, please adjust this template accordingly.
The Japanese consumer electronics industry is a prominent industry and home to companies such as Sony, Casio, Hitachi, Denon, Toshiba, NEC, TDK, JVC, Panasonic, Roland, Fujitsu, Canon, Sharp, Fujifilm, Rohm, Plextor, Korg, Pioneer, Kyocera, Konica Minolta, Maxell, Mitsubishi, Mutoh, Technics, Ricoh, Pentax, Olympus, Nintendo, Sanyo, Epson, Nikon, Yamaha, Seiko, Citizen Watch and Kenwood.
These companies primarily manufacture televisions, music players, refrigerators, video game consoles, still and video cameras, pianos and computers. They also produce professional sectors such as the professional television, photo camera, monitor, equipment and wide-format printers.
History
After World War II, Japan started to develop consumer electronics products rapidly using keiretsu methods. By the 1980s, a relatively small number of industries dominated Japan's trade and investment interaction with the rest of the world.
Sony was founded in 1946 by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita and took off advancing in the electronics field rapidly. They each had skills that would bring it to the top of the industry, one with marketing savvy and the other with great innovation. They had soon invented the first pocket transistor radio in the world.
The industries producing consumer electronicseceivers, compact disc players, other audio components, tape recorders, television receivers, video cassette recorders, and video camerasere major exporters that invested overseas in the 1980s. In 1991, 46.7 percent of color televisions and 87.3 percent of video cassette recorders produced in Japan were exported. The export shares of some products were too small to show separately in summary trade data, but audio tape recorders represented 2.9% of total Japanese exports in 1988, video cassette recorders 2.3 percent, radio receivers 0.8 percent, and television receivers 0.7 percent, totaling 6.7 percent.[citation needed]
These industries built Japan's success in developing commercial applications for the transistor in the 1950s and generations of semiconductor devices of the 1970s and 1980s. Output came from large, integrated electronics firms manufacturing semiconductor devices, consumer electronics, and computers. The companies international success came from continually pushing miniaturization and driving down manufacturing costs.[citation needed]
The industry today
Japan is the largest consumer electronics manufacturer in the world because of its high concentration of companies in the country. One of the reasons of the success of Japanese consumer electronics is that its products are often thought of as high quality and inventive (such as the Sony Walkman and VHS).
Japan's success overpowered the United States consumer electronics industry. Charges of dumping and other predatory practices led to orderly marketing arrangements (voluntary export restraints) by Japan in 1977. Restraints limited the export of color televisions to 1.75 million units annually from 1977 to 1980. The agreement gave some protection to the United States' domestic industry. Japanese companies responded by investing in the United States. By the end of the 1980s, only one United States-owned television manufacturer remained; the others had disappeared or were bought by Western European or Japanese firms.[citation needed]
Japan pioneered the color television. Video cassette recorders, video cameras, and compact disc players were developed for the consumer market during the 1980s by Japanese firms.
Japan's overseas investment in the consumer electronics industry was motivated by protectionism and labor costs. After three years of voluntary export restraints, seven Japanese firms located plants in the United States by 1980. Japanese firms continued production of the most technologically-advanced products, while shifting production of less-advanced products to developing countries, such as Taiwan. Moving production caused Japan's export of color televisions to fall during the 1980s, from 2 percent of total exports in 1970 to only 0.7 percent in 1988.[citation needed]
China's products are increasingly high-tech and it is draining investments and business from other countries in the region including...(and so on)
To get More information , you can visit some products about
Tablet DVD Players,
handheld marine radio,
.
The Stereo Professional Power Amplifier (001) products should be show more here!
Stage pin connector
I want to introduct something about 3D Embroidery Cap.
Place of Origin: China Model Number: WA1014 Pattern: Embroidered Material: 100% Cotton Terms of Payment: T/T Woven Label Adjustable Velcro Strap, High Definition 3D Embroidery, Sandwhiched bill Woven Label w/ Bill Embroidery. 100% brushed cotton twill Cap Color is Black/red/gree/white/brown/blue or another color you need - Raised embroidery lettering is white or another color Sandwich Brim w/ 1 pc. Woven label Hook & loop tape closure w/ 1 pc. woven label Front Panel with Army raised embroidery Upper Brim with logo direct Embroidery.
(Redirected from Stage pin)
Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (January 2007)
A newer stage pin connector. Note the GR denoting the longer ground pin, which is not quite in the center to prevent the plug being inserted upside down
An older style male Stage Pin Connector
A stage pin connector (generally known as GSP for Grounded Stage Pin) is a standard cable type for theatrical lighting in North America.
Contents
1 Uses
2 Construction
3 Cabling
3.1 Extension Cables
3.2 Multicircuit cable
3.3 Equipment cabling
3.4 Adapters
4 Stage pin versus NEMA 5-15 (Edison) Connectors
5 Safety
6 Standards
7 Other Connectors Used in Theatre Applications
8 See also
9 External links
//
Uses
Stage pin connectors are generally used for conducting dimmed power from a dimmer to stage lighting instruments, although occasionally they can power other equipment.
Construction
The first stage pin connectors had two cylindrical pins, one for line (hot) and one for neutral, arranged symmetrically in a rectangular housing. The housing was milled from a solid block of fiberglass or bakelite which may or may not have been impregnated with asbestos for fire resistance plus a screw-on cover. Later connectors (including those currently being manufactured) use molded plastic housings.
These two-pin connectors were not polarized, and thus the line and neutral conductors could be exchanged depending on which way the connectors were mated. Two-pin connectors may still be found on some equipment and are often saved by electricians for wiring ungrounded fixtures (particularly practicals), though this may or may not be advisable from a safety standpoint.
Modern stage pin connectors have incorporated a third pin for a safety ground connection and are commonly referred to as "2P&G" for 'two pin and ground' to distinguish them from their ungrounded two-pin predecessors. The ground pin is situated between the line and neutral pins and closer to the latter. This asymmetrical configuration effectively polarizes the connector ensuring that the line and neutral conductors are not exchanged in a properly wired installation. The ground pin is also longer than the other two, ensuring that the safety ground connection is made first when making a connection.
All stage pin connectors have longitudinal slits in the male pins that allow for compression when inserted into the female sockets to increase friction and therefore the mechanical security of the connection. A special tool appropriately called a pin splitter may be used to expand this slit and spread the two halves of the pin to compensate for wear. A knife may be used to the same effect, but this technique risks both personal injury and damage to the connector.
For some time Union Connector produced 2P&G connectors with a distinctive yellow cover that featured a locking tab in the ground pin that provided a positive mechanical lock to prevent accidental disengagement of the connectors. This design required special connectors on both the male and female side in order to work, meaning that all connectors in an installation would need to be replaced to see a real benefit to the locking feature. The expense of this proposition as well as the unpopularity of the connector itself among technicians led the locking feature to eventually be dropped, and locking connectors are no longer manufactured. The locking connectors that are still found occasionally in installations or spare parts bins are often referred to as "Union Connectors", though the Union Connector brand now features only standard non-locking stage pin connectors.
Since their introduction, stage pin connectors have been available in 20A, 30A, 60A, and 100A varieties, with the higher-current connectors being not only far larger in size but also with a different pin configuration for ground, neutral and line. Care must be taken when repairing or building these larger connectors, because Ground is on the outside pin and neutral is in the middle, with the far pin still being the line.
Cabling
Extension Cables
Most extension cables made with 20A stage pin connectors use 12/3 type SOOW or SJOOW cable which has three individually insulated 12ga (American Wire Gauge) stranded conductors inside a larger jacket. The internal insulation is usually colored black (for line), white (for neutral) and green(for ground). This cable configuration can safely handle the full 20 Amp rating of the connector. The designation SOOW or SJOOW refers to the cable's insulation construction and type. This type of cable is very hard-wearing, resistant to oil and moisture, and resists the kinking that can result in internal conductors unlaying and twisting, which is a...(and so on)
To get More information , you can visit some products about
palm fleece hat,
checkout counter belt,
.
The 3D Embroidery Cap products should be show more here!
Home appliance
I want to introduct something about 1.5HP Electric Treadmill.
Place of Origin: China Zhejiang Brand Name: LUCK RICH Model Number: P502 Terms of Payment: T/T Minimum Order: 80 pieces Packaging: strong export cartons with enouth foam protection, 1 pc per carton Delivery Lead Time: 10-15 days upon deposit or payment Electric Treadmill Technical Parameter 1) Motor power: 1.5HP 2) Input voltage: AC220V ?0 3) Frequency: 50/60Hz 4) Range of speed: 0.8-12km/h 5) Time Range: 0.00-99.59(min.: Sec. ) 6) User weight capability: 150kg 7)Distance Range: 0: 10-99: 99(Km). 8)heart rate range: 40-235 bpm 9)Energy Range: 0-999 Calories 9)Area of running board: 400*1055mm 10)landing area: 1730*670mm Luxurious Treadmill Packaging: 1PCS/T
Home appliances are electrical/mechanical appliances which accomplish some household functions, such as cooking or cleaning.
Traditionally, home appliances are classified into:
Major appliances (or "White goods")
Small appliances (or "Brown goods")
Contents
1 Types of appliances
2 Networking of home appliances
3 Organizations and associations
4 See also
5 External links
//
Types of appliances
Appliances may be divided into categories called "white goods" and "brown goods" in British English.
Brown goods are typically small household electrical entertainment appliances such as:
appliance
CD and DVD players
televisions
camcorders
Still cameras
Video game consoles
HiFi and home cinema
telephones
answering machines
White goods comprise major household appliances and may include:
appliance
air conditioner
dishwasher
clothes dryer
drying cabinet
freezer
refrigerator
cooker, also known as range, stove, oven, cooking plate, or cooktop
water heater
washing machine
trash compactor
microwave oven
Some types of brown goods were traditionally finished with or looked like wood or bakelite. This is now rather rare, but the name has stuck, even for goods that are unlikely ever to have been provided in a wooden case (e.g. camcorders). White goods were typically painted or enamelled white, and many of them still are. The addition of new items to these categories shows that the categories still serve a purpose in marketing.
This division is also noticeable in the service area of these kinds of products. Brown goods usually require high technical knowledge and skills (which get more complex with time, such as going from a soldering iron to a hot-air soldering station), while white goods need more practical skills and "brute force" to manipulate the devices and heavy tools required to repair them.
There is usually a problem with microwave ovens, because these sell alongside refrigerators and dishwashers, but microwave ovens contain complex electronic boards (the clock and controller) which white-good servicemen refuse to repair (as they don't have the training or tools required to do so). Some brands send whole boards for replacement, and some have them repaired by such technicians.
Networking of home appliances
Main article: Home automation
There is an increasing trend to network home appliances together, and combine their controls and key functions. For instance, energy distribution can be managed more evenly so that when the washing machine is on, the oven can go into a delayed start mode, or vice versa. Or, a washing machine and dryer may share information about load characteristics (gentle/normal, light/full), and synchronize their finish times so the wet laundry does not have to wait before being put in the dryer.
Organizations and associations
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers - for home air conditioners and dehumidifiers
See also
Domestic technology
Domotics
End user retro-engineering
Smart Personal Objects Technology
External links
When the world first Electric Home appliance was invented, web site with Japanese language by Hokkaid? Hakodatechubu High School, Personal computer research club. (ja:???????????)
This tool article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Tool stubs | Home appliances
Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from January 2009 | All articles lacking sources(and so on)
To get More information , you can visit some products about
name plate sign,
supplier management forms,
.
The 1.5HP Electric Treadmill products should be show more here!
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Corythosaurus
 | Glass Votive Candle Holders On Glass with metal work of Copper & Brass. our all products is use full and Decorative products also.. |
|---|---|
 | glass Christmas decoration glass Christmas ornament, trim the tree, handmade glass Christmas decoration mo |
And you can see more from
caterpillar spare parts
FM Transmitter Modulator
water based primer
twin screw mixer
general electric capacitors
ecg chest electrodes
garden furniture: swing
plastic folding chair
with black finished
CorythosaurusFossil range: Late Cretaceous
Corythosaurus casuarius skeleton partially covered in skin
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Superorder:
Dinosauria
Order:
Ornithischia
Family:
Hadrosauridae
Subfamily:
Lambeosaurinae
Tribe:
Corythosaurini
Genus:
CorythosaurusBrown, 1914
Species
C. casuarius Brown, 1914 (type)
Corythosaurus (pronounced /?k?r??o??s?r?s/), meaning 'helmet lizard' because of the shape of its crest (Greek ???????/korythos meaning 'helmet' and ??????/sauros meaning 'lizard') was a genus of duck-billed dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Period, about 75million years ago. It lived in what is now North America.
Contents
1 Discovery and species
2 Classification
3 Paleobiology
4 In popular culture
5 References
6 External links
//
Discovery and species
reconstruction of Corythosaurus casuarius
The first specimen was discovered in 1912 by Barnum Brown in Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada. As well as an almost complete skeleton, the find was remarkable because much of the creature's fossilized skin had also survived. In 1916, the Canadian (Canadian Pacific Lines) ship Mount Temple was carrying two specimens and other fossils from today's Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada to Britain. It was sunk by the German surface raider SMS Moewe, sending its 75 million year old cargo to the bottom of the North Atlantic, where it rests to this day.[1]
There were originally up to seven species described including C. casaurius, C. bicristatus, C. brevicristatus, C. excavatus, C. frontalis, and C. intermedius. In 1975 Peter Dodson studied the differences between the skulls and crests of different species of lambeosaurine dinosaurs. He found that the differences in size and shape may have actually been related to the gender and age of the animal. Now only one species is recognized, C. casuarius.[2]
Classification
Corythosaurus is classified as a hadrosaurid, in the subfamily Lambeosaurinae. It is related to other hadrosaurs such as Hypacrosaurus, Lambeosaurus and Olorotitan, with the exception of Olorotitan they all share similar looking skulls and crests. However, recent research has suggested that Olorotitan is Corythosaurus closest known relative even though it doesn't share as many skull characteristics as other lambeosaurs. [3]
Paleobiology
Drawing of the movement of a Corythosaurus based on a trackway
Corythosaurus weighed in at 4tonnes and measured roughly 10metres (35ft) from nose to tail. Like other hadrosaurs it had a toothless beak, the back of the jaws contained a dental battery composed of hundreds of small, interlocking teeth. These were used to crush and grind plant matter and were continually replaced as they wore away.
Over 20 skulls have been found from this dinosaur. As with other lambeosaurs, the animal bore a tall, elaborate bony crest atop its skull, which contained the elongate nasal passages.[4] The nasal passages extended into the crest, first into separate pockets in the sides, then into a single central chamber and onward into the respiratory system.[4]
Any vocalization would travel through these elaborate chambers, and probably get amplified.[4] Scientists speculate that Corythosaurus could make loud, low pitched cries "[L]ike a wind or brass instrument."[4] The sounds could serve to alert other Corythosaurus to the presence of food or a potential threat from a predator.[4]
It was once thought that this dinosaur lived mostly in the water, due to the appearance of webbed hands and feet. However, it was later discovered that the so-called "webs" were in fact deflated padding, much like that found on many modern mammals.
In popular culture
Jurassic Park 3's Corythosaurus.
Corythosaurus is one of the dinosaurs in the Rite of Spring segment of Disney's Fantasia. More recently, a herd of Corythosaurs and Parasaurolophus is featured in the film Jurassic Park III. Corythosaurus then went on to feature in the Vivendi Universal game Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis.
References
^ Dinosaurs in the Deep
^ Dodson, Peter (1975). "Taxonomic implications of relative growth in lambeosaurine dinosaurs". Systematic Zoology 24: 3754. doi:10.2307/2412696.
^ Godefroit, Pascal; Bolotsky, Yuri; and Alifanov, Vladimir (2003). "A remarkable hollow-crested hadrosaur from Russia: an Asian origin for lambeosaurines". Comptes Rendus Palevol 2: 143151. doi:10.1016/S1631-0683(03)00017-4.
^ a b c d e "Corythosaurus." In: Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel,...(and so on)
 | Champagne Glasses Champagne glasses No. FH008 High quality for supermarket sales / hotel use/ resturant use/ family use.. |
|---|
You can also see some feature products :
signal / signs
maclaren double stroller
promotional product job
Backup power supply
wrist gps transmitter
far infrared heater
wooden railling pillars
super premium base
Bicycle Light Set
gps personal track
wire quilt hangers
car radio receiver
vessel sink faucet
sle4428 chip card
accessories and fashion
Chopped Strand Mat
DC Motor Brushes
steel cooking pots
Thermal Overload Relay
home appliance;mini refrigerator
field portable mixer
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)