Aluminium sulfate

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Aluminium sulfate
File:Aluminum sulfate.jpg
IUPAC name
Aluminium sulfate
Other names
Cake alumFilter alumPapermaker's alumAlunogeniteSulfuric acid, aluminum salt (3:2)
Identifiers
CAS number
10043-01-3
EC number
233-135-0
RTECS number
BD1700000
Properties
Molecular formula
Al2(SO4)3
Molar mass
342.15 g/mol (anhydrous)
Appearance
white crystalline solid
Density
2.672 g/cm3, solid
Melting point
770 decomp.
Solubility in water
870 g/L
Structure
Crystal structure
monoclinic (hydrate)
Related compounds
Other cations
Gallium sulfateMagnesium sulfate
Related compounds
See Alum
Supplementary data page
Structure andproperties
n, ?r, etc.
Thermodynamicdata
Phase behaviourSolid, liquid, gas
Spectral data
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given formaterials in their standard state(at 25, 100kPa)Infobox references
Aluminium sulfate, written as Al2(SO4)3 or Al2O12S3 Aluminium sulfate is an industrial chemical used as a flocculating agent in the purification of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.
Aluminium sulfate is sometimes incorrectly referred to as alum but alums are closely related compounds typified by KAl(SO4)2.12H2O. The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare mineral millosevichite, found i.e. in volcanic environments and on burning coal-mining waste dumps. Aluminium sulfate is rarely, if ever, encountered as the anhydrous salt. It forms a number of different hydrates, of which the hexadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3?16H2O and octadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3?18H2O are the most common. The heptadecahydrate, whose formula can be written as [Al(H2O)6]2(SO4)3?5H2O, occurs naturally as the mineral alunogen.
Contents
1 Preparation
2 Uses
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
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Preparation
Aluminium sulfate may be made by dissolving aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, in sulfuric acid, H2SO4:
2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 ? Al2(SO4)36H2O
Uses
Aluminium Sulfate is used in water purification and as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles. In water purification, it causes impurities to coagulate which are removed as the particulate settles to the bottom of the container or more easily filtered. This process is called coagulation or flocculation.
When dissolved in a large amount of neutral or slightly-alkaline water, aluminium sulfate produces a gelatinous precipitate of aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3. In dyeing and printing cloth, the gelatinous precipitate helps the dye adhere to the clothing fibers by rendering the pigment insoluble.
Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used to reduce the pH of garden soil, as it hydrolyzes to form the aluminium hydroxide precipitate and a dilute sulfuric acid solution.
Aluminium sulfate is the active ingredient of some antiperspirants; however, beginning in 2005 the US Food and Drug Administration no longer recognized it as a wetness reducer.
Aluminium sulfate is usually found in baking powder, where there is controversy over its use due to concern regarding the safety of adding aluminum to the diet.
In construction industry it is used as waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete. Another use is a foaming agent in fire fighting foam.
It is also used in styptic pencils, and pain relief from stings and bites; it is the active ingredient in popular pain relief products such as Stingose.
It can also be very effective as a molluscicide, killing spanish slugs.
See also
References
^ Global Health and Education Foundation (2007). "Conventional Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation". Safe Drinking Water is Essential. National Academy of Sciences. http://drinking-water.org/html/en/Treatment/Coagulation-Flocculation-technologies.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.
^ Kvech S, Edwards M (2002). "Solubility controls on aluminum in drinking water at relatively low and high pH". WATER RESEARCH 36 (17): 43564368. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00137-9. PMID 12420940.
Pauling, Linus (1970). General Chemistry. W.H. Freeman: San Francisco. ISBN 0-486-65622-5.
External links
International Chemical Safety Card 1191
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
WHO Food Additive Series No. 12
Aluminum and health

v?d?eAluminium compounds
AlAs AlB2 AlB12 AlBr3 AlCl AlCl3 AlF AlF3 AlH3 AlI3 AlN Al(NO3)3 AlO Al(OH)3 AlON AlP AlPO4 AlSb Al2(MoO4)3 Al2O3 Al2S3 Al2(SO4)3 Al2Se3 Al2SiO5 Al4C3
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