History of the electric vehicle

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The history of the electric vehicle began in the mid-19th century. An electrical vehicle held the vehicular land speed record until around 1900. The high cost and low top speed of electric vehicles compared to later internal combustion vehicles caused a worldwide decline in their use, and only relatively recently have they re-emerged into the public eye.

Contents

1 Origins and developments

2 Europe

3 See also

4 References

5 External links


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Origins and developments



Electric vehicle model by yos Jedlik, the inventor of electric motor ( 1828, Hungary) .



Thomas Edison and an electric car, 1913 (courtesy of the National Museum of American History)

From what we understand today, electric motive power started in 1834 when Thomas Davenport of New Hampshire built a carriage, running on rails that used a non-rechargeable battery. Viable rechargeable batteries did not come into existence till the late 1840s, with the development of the lead acid battery. In England a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of rails as conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley and Colten in 1847. Between 1832 and 1839 (the exact year is uncertain), Professor Stratingh of Groningen, Holland, invented the first crude electric carriage, powered by non-rechargeable Primary cells.

Electric cars started to become popular because they were quieter and ran more smoothly than other cars. After improvements to storage batteries, electric cars started to flourish. However, these were mainly in Europe only. It was not until 1890 that America paid any attention to the growing technology. The two different electric autos built by A. L. Ryker and William Morrison in 1891 brought the electric car to the spotlight in America.

The first commercial application of an electric car came in 1897 when the Electric Carriage & Wagon Company of Philadelphia built a fleet of New York taxis. Until 1899, electric cars held the land speed record. At the turn of the twentieth century, they were produced by Anthony Electric, Baker Motor Vehicle, Detroit Electric, Woods Motor Vehicle and others and at one point in history outsold gasoline-powered vehicles.

Electrified trains were used for coal transport as the motors did not use precious oxygen in the mines. Switzerland's lack of natural fossil resources forced the rapid electrification of their rail network. In 1916, a man by the name of Woods invented the first hybrid car, combining an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.

The early twentieth century was the height for the American electric car. Many factors contributed to the downfall of the electric car, but the final blow seems to be the production of the gasoline car by Henry Ford. His mass-produced cars cost half as much as the average electric car. The electric car was dead until the 1960s.

The 1947 invention of the point-contact transistor marked the beginning of a new era for EV technology. Within a decade, Henney Coachworks had joined forces with National Union Electric Company, the makers of Exide batteries, to produce the first modern electric car based on transistor technology, the Henney Kilowatt, produced in 36-volt and 72-volt configurations. The 72-volt models had a top speed approaching 96 km/h (60 mph) and could travel nearly an hour on a single charge. Despite the improved practicality of the Henney Kilowatt over previous electric cars, it was too expensive, and production was terminated in 1961. Even though the Henney Kilowatt never reached mass production volume, their transistor-based electric technology paved the way for modern EVs.

The 2008 world petroleum crisis renewed interest in alternative fuels. Many companies decided to renew the electric car for uses like mail trucks and other service vehicles. Governments around the world pushed for fuel reform to protect the environment. Many laws influenced large automakers to start producing electric car prototypes, but costs prohibited them from going to the market until recently. Many models like the Toyota Prius have become extremely popular.

In 2008, Mitsubishi Motors and PSA Peugeot Citroen are going to collaborate in technology for electric vehicles as the global race to build green cars heats up. [1]

Europe



Citro?n Berlingo Electrique vans of the ELCIDIS goods distribution service in La Rochelle, France



Electric Micro-vans produced by Micro-Vett on the basis off a Piaggio (rebranded Isuzu) vehicle exchanging the internal combustion engine for distribution services in Rome, Italy courtesy greenfleet.info

France

France saw a large development of battery-electric vehicles in the 1990s; the most successful vehicle was the electric Peugeot Partner/Citro?n Berlingo, of which several thousand have been built, mostly for fleet use in municipalities and by...(and so on)
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