Ignacy ?ukasiewicz

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Jan Jef Ignacy ?ukasiewicz
Jan Jef Ignacy ?ukasiewicz (1822 - 1882) was a Polish pharmacist who devised the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil. He was the founder of the Polish oil industry and one of the pioneers of oil industry in the world. Among his achievements were the construction of modern kerosene lamp (1853), founding of the first oil well (1854) in Poland and the building of the first oil refinery in the world (1856).
?ukasiewicz became a wealthy man and one of the most prominent philanthropists in Galicia. Because of his support for the economical development of the region, a popular saying was coined attributing all paved roads to his guldens.
Contents
1 Biography
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
4.1 Quotes
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Biography

Mikolasch's pharmacy

Galician oil wells

Oil wells in Grabownica; 1930s
Ignacy ?ukasiewicz was born March 8, 1822 in Zaduszniki near Mielec, in the Austrian empire (after the partition of Poland). His parents were Apolonia n ?wietlik and Jef ?ukasiewicz, a member of local intelligentsia and a veteran of Ko?ciuszko's Uprising. His parents rented a small manor in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth had to move to Rzesz due to economical difficulties. There Ignacy started his studies at the local gymnasium, but had to abandon it in 1836. To help his parents, Ignacy ?ukasiewicz moved to ?a?cut where he started to work as a pharmacist's assistant. At the same time he became involved in various political organizations supporting the idea of restoration of Polish sovereignty. In 1840 he returned to Rzesz, where he continued to practice at the pharmacy of Edward Hl. In 1845 he met Edward Dembowski, who admitted ?ukasiewicz to the illegal Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society. The aim of that organization was to prepare an all-national uprising against the partitioning powers. Because of that, on February 19, 1846 ?ukasiewicz was arrested by the Austrian authorities and imprisoned in Lw. On December 27, 1847 he was released from prison due to lack of evidence, but for the rest of his life he was regarded as politically insecure. He was also ordered to remain in Lw.
There ?ukasiewicz started working for the Pod Z?ot? Gwiazd? pharmacy owned by Piotr Mikolasch. On his insistence ?ukasiewicz was allowed to leave Lw and join the Krak University. After several years of studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, he managed to pass all his university examinations except pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally, on July 30, 1852 ?ukasiewicz graduated from the faculty of pharmacy of the University of Vienna. He then returned to Lw. ?ukasiewicz had long been interested in the potential of seep oil as a cheap alternative to the more expensive whale oil. In 1853 Jan Zeh, together with his associate ?ukasiewicz, was the first in the world to distill clear kerosene from seep oil, Canada's Abraham Gesner having first refined kerosene from coal in 1846. On July 31, 1853, ?ukasiewicz made one of his kerosene lamps available to a local hospital to illuminate an emergency surgical operation.[citation needed] The date is considered the starting point of modern oil industry.
In early 1854 ?ukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he continued his work. He set up many companies together with entrepreneurs and landowners. That same year, he opened the world's first oil "mine" at Brka, near Krosno (still operational as of 2006). At the same time ?ukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year he set up the first kerosene street lamp in Gorlice's borough of Zawodzie. In the following years he opened several other oil wells, each of them as a joint-venture with various local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice near Jas?o he opened an "oil distillery", that is the first industrial oil refinery in the world. As the demand for kerosene was still low, the plant initially produced mostly artificial asphalt, machine oil and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in a fire in 1859, but was rebuilt in Polanka near Krosno the following year.
In 1863 ?ukasiewicz, who moved to Jas?o in 1858, was already a wealthy man. He openly supported the January Uprising and financed help for the refugees. In 1865 he bought a large manor and the village of Chorkka. There he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the largest fortunes in Galicia, ?ukasiewicz promoted the development of oil industry in the area of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to several oil-mining enterprises in the area, including the oil wells of Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa and Wtowa. He also became the benefactor of the region and founded a spa resort in Brka, a chapel in Chorkka and a large church in Zr?cin. As one of the best-known businessmen of his times, he was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about Acupuncture Points Map, Motion Moving Picture, . The products should be show more here!