Stage pin connector

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A newer stage pin connector. Note the GR denoting the longer ground pin, which is not quite in the center to prevent the plug being inserted upside down



An older style male Stage Pin Connector

A stage pin connector (generally known as GSP for Grounded Stage Pin) is a standard cable type for theatrical lighting in North America.

Contents

1 Uses

2 Construction

3 Cabling

3.1 Extension Cables

3.2 Multicircuit cable

3.3 Equipment cabling

3.4 Adapters

4 Stage pin versus NEMA 5-15 (Edison) Connectors

5 Safety

6 Standards

7 Other Connectors Used in Theatre Applications

8 See also

9 External links


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Uses

Stage pin connectors are generally used for conducting dimmed power from a dimmer to stage lighting instruments, although occasionally they can power other equipment.

Construction

The first stage pin connectors had two cylindrical pins, one for line (hot) and one for neutral, arranged symmetrically in a rectangular housing. The housing was milled from a solid block of fiberglass or bakelite which may or may not have been impregnated with asbestos for fire resistance plus a screw-on cover. Later connectors (including those currently being manufactured) use molded plastic housings.

These two-pin connectors were not polarized, and thus the line and neutral conductors could be exchanged depending on which way the connectors were mated. Two-pin connectors may still be found on some equipment and are often saved by electricians for wiring ungrounded fixtures (particularly practicals), though this may or may not be advisable from a safety standpoint.

Modern stage pin connectors have incorporated a third pin for a safety ground connection and are commonly referred to as "2P&G" for 'two pin and ground' to distinguish them from their ungrounded two-pin predecessors. The ground pin is situated between the line and neutral pins and closer to the latter. This asymmetrical configuration effectively polarizes the connector ensuring that the line and neutral conductors are not exchanged in a properly wired installation. The ground pin is also longer than the other two, ensuring that the safety ground connection is made first when making a connection.

All stage pin connectors have longitudinal slits in the male pins that allow for compression when inserted into the female sockets to increase friction and therefore the mechanical security of the connection. A special tool appropriately called a pin splitter may be used to expand this slit and spread the two halves of the pin to compensate for wear. A knife may be used to the same effect, but this technique risks both personal injury and damage to the connector.

For some time Union Connector produced 2P&G connectors with a distinctive yellow cover that featured a locking tab in the ground pin that provided a positive mechanical lock to prevent accidental disengagement of the connectors. This design required special connectors on both the male and female side in order to work, meaning that all connectors in an installation would need to be replaced to see a real benefit to the locking feature. The expense of this proposition as well as the unpopularity of the connector itself among technicians led the locking feature to eventually be dropped, and locking connectors are no longer manufactured. The locking connectors that are still found occasionally in installations or spare parts bins are often referred to as "Union Connectors", though the Union Connector brand now features only standard non-locking stage pin connectors.

Since their introduction, stage pin connectors have been available in 20A, 30A, 60A, and 100A varieties, with the higher-current connectors being not only far larger in size but also with a different pin configuration for ground, neutral and line. Care must be taken when repairing or building these larger connectors, because Ground is on the outside pin and neutral is in the middle, with the far pin still being the line.

Cabling

Extension Cables

Most extension cables made with 20A stage pin connectors use 12/3 type SOOW or SJOOW cable which has three individually insulated 12ga (American Wire Gauge) stranded conductors inside a larger jacket. The internal insulation is usually colored black (for line), white (for neutral) and green(for ground). This cable configuration can safely handle the full 20 Amp rating of the connector. The designation SOOW or SJOOW refers to the cable's insulation construction and type. This type of cable is very hard-wearing, resistant to oil and moisture, and resists the kinking that can result in internal conductors unlaying and twisting, which is a...(and so on)
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