industry terms in the United States

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These are terms used within the U.S. trucking industry. Some of these terms may be used within other English-speaking countries, or within the freight industry in general (air, rail, ship, and manufacturing). The terms are arranged by type, from general terms to specific terms, and sub-types are listed under the main term. The official names are listed in bold, and slang, jargon, or acronym versions are listed in parentheses. Some items are referred to by more than one official name, and alternate versions are separated by a forward slash (/).
Contents
1 General
2 Drivers and carriers
3 Vehicles
4 Vehicle parts
5 Trailers
6 References
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General

A typical wooden pallet
Shipper
A person or corporate entity, (a customer), that calls upon a "Trucking" company to "carry" a shipment. The shipper is tendering ((offer)ing /(consign)ing) freight to a carrier.
Receiver
The person or entity to which a load is destined.
Consignor
The person or entity which transfers legal responsibility for a load to a carrier.
Consignee
The person or entity taking legal responsibility for a load from the carrier.
Freight / Cargo
The materials or goods being transported.
Bulk freight / Bulk cargo
Large quantities of undivided or unpackaged cargo, such as a tank trailer filled with gasoline.
Pallet
A wooden platform upon which boxes or cargo are stacked and sometimes shrink-wrapped. Usually refers to the entire palletized stack of boxes, although it can refer to the platform itself.
Hazardous materials (Haz-mat)
Explosive, poisonous or otherwise potentially dangerous cargo.
Bill of lading (BOL)
A paper document between a shipper and a carrier acknowledging the receipt of goods for transport. Usually describes the nature of the cargo; hazardous materials classification (if any); amount of cargo by weight, size, and/or number of pallets, boxes, barrels, etc; and the origin and destination of the cargo.
Manifest
A document that describes the contents of a shipment. Often supplements the information contained in a bill of lading.
Broker
A person or company which arranges for the truck transportation of cargo belonging to others, utilizing for-hire carriers to provide the actual truck transportation.
Intermodal
A single trailer or container which encounters multiple forms of transportation along its route, such as land/sea/rail.
Tractor
A truck or (Power unit) used to pull a load or trailer by means of a fifth wheel mounted over the rear axle(s)in a semi-truck/semi-trailer combination.
Truck Stop Electrification (TSE) / Shore power
A land-based electric power supply for trucks. Eliminates the need for engine idling while parked, sometimes supplies external climate control within the truck cab, as well as internet and tv access.
Progressive shifting
A method of shifting gears which optimizes the power range of the engine which in turn optimizes fuel efficiency.
Dead-heading
Operating an empty truck lacking cargo.
Linehaul (Chain Haul)
A trip that involves more than two destinations; multiple stops running in a line or circle. Linehauls are often short runs for intra-city drivers (i.e. UPS). When the route is both intercity and involves dead-heading, over short portions, it's also know as dump-n-go routes. Often the drivers of linehaul routes will switch trailers at various points, delivering in actuality the trailer itself, as opposed to merchandise and materials inside. Such hauls are known as drop-n-hook lines. If multiple trailers are involved in any combination of other listed linehaul routes, it's known as a Chain Haul, or less often, chain train. A linehaul almost always ends at the originating terminal or yard prior to the end of the maximum 14 hour day.
Over-the-road (OTR)
Over-the-road is any trip that involves more than the maximum per-day period of 14 hours without returning to the home location. Regional OTR is one or more deliveries that are within a multi-state region from the originating base location. Long-Haul OTR involves being away for weeks, or months at a time, often cross-country or even intercontinental.
Terminal
A dock at which freight is sorted. Typically includes an office for managing freight orders, dock workers and drivers.
Breakbulk terminal
A large terminal or "Hub" where "Bulk" or "truck load" is off loaded and "Broken up" so it may be sent to multiple destinations.
Terminal of origin
The first terminal from which freight originates.; typically the domicile or home location for the pickup vehicles
Destination terminal
The end point terminal where freight is transfered onto the last mile delivery vehicles.
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